A zero-cost, compile-time, reflection-based, pure C++ solution to the quadratic glue MxN problem:
- M host environments: DAW plug-in APIs, PureData, Max/MSP, etc.
- N algorithms.
- M x N binding code required.
Read the documentation to get started !
The original blog post contains the motivation and some implementation details.
If you use this work in an academic setting, please cite the paper:
@inproceedings{celerier2022rage,
title={{Rage Against The Glue: Beyond Run-Time Media Frameworks with Modern C++}},
author={Celerier, Jean-Micha\"el},
booktitle={Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC)},
year={2022},
address={Limerick, Ireland}
}This library is a proof-of-concept (based on the Boost.PFR library and a couple of tricks), which showcases how with what little reflection modern C++ provides, it is possible to:
- Automatically generate Python bindings for a C++ class (by leveraging pybind11).
- Automatically generate OSC / OSCQuery bindings for a C++ class (through libossia).
- Automatically generate user interfaces for C++ classes like e.g. Unity3D does (an example is provided with Qt and Nuklear).
- Automatically generate audio plug-ins in a legacy API as an example, as well as in VST3 and Clap formats.
- Automatically generate Max/MSP and PureData objects.
- Automatically generate GPU draw and compute pipelines (for now only supported in the ossia/score bindings with the Qt RHI) to create GPU-based media processors with the same syntax.
And some more advanced features:
- Graphics API-agnostic canvas-like UI widgets for custom user interfaces, and advanced layouts (splits, tabs, grids...).
- Automatic serialization / deserialization of messages for thread-safe messages busses between UI and audio thread (or even over the network).
- Sample-accurate controls if the host supports that.
- Handles audio, image or even purely async message-based processors: it's not only for making audio plug-ins :-).
- Automatic polyphony when it is meaningful with optimized storage for the inputs.
- Support for injecting features at compile time such as FFT implementations.
Unlike many other reflection solutions in C++, this library has two properties:
-
It is entirely non-intrusive. The effects do not even need to include a single header. All the types are introspected from the content of the provided classes ; this library embraces protocols / traits / typeclass-based design mainly thanks to C++ concepts.
- This is in order to enable at a later point easy targeting of bare-metal platforms.
- This also ensure that implementations are not dependent of any "reflection" library, only of whatever facilities C++ compilers provide. This is done to provide a perfect separation of concern and make sure that the algorithms will still be easily useable in 20 years, like e.g. when done in Faust.
- No macro are required to declare the types, etc. No specific function call is necessary. Just write the raw algorithm with its inputs and outputs, optionally add some metadata to make things nicer for the end-user in environments that support them (e.g. value ranges, etc) and you're done.
-
It is entirely done at compile-time through pure C++ mechanisms. No external code generator / scanner à la Qt's moc is used, no forked version of libclang is necessary, etc etc. Instead, it expects types to conform to various concepts corresponding to common multi-media use-cases.
- As far as it's possible there is zero run-time cost over the equivalent C code. Everything that can be allocated statically, is. There is no run-time mapping of parameters to string, enums, etc. outside of what the host APIs do require.
The current catch is that types being introspected must be aggregates. This is not a very hard restriction in practice and allows for plenty of useful things.
The API is not as clean as it could be - the end-goal would be to have the meta-class and compile-time programming papers merged in the C++ standard in order to remove the remaining little boilerplate there is and open the use-cases & lift various dumb restrictions:
- http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2018/p0707r3.pdf
- https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/experimental/meta/P1717
- Current metaclass compiler
Committee if you hear us :)
- A C++20 compiler (tested with clang-12 and gcc-11 ; GCC still has a couple bugs). MSVC does not implement the necessary features yet. If you don't have one you can use the ossia SDK which provides clang-12 & libc++ for Windows / Mac / Linux.
- Boost.PFR : note that the library does not depend on the rest of Boost.
- (optional) fmtlib. Provides nicer printing in some places.
- (optional) pybind11.
- (optional) Max SDK to make Max externals.
- (optional) PureData headers to make Pd externals.
- (optional) Steinberg© VST3 SDK to make VST3 plug-ins.
- (optional) Clap SDK to make Clap plug-ins.
- (optional) Qt & Verdigris to make QML UIs. Verdigris is a pure-C++ alternative to moc.
- (optional) libossia to build ossia processors.
See https://github.com/celtera/avendish/tree/main/examples for a list of examples.
Here is an example of various Max/MSP & PureData objects generated from the examples folder ; the patches are available in https://github.com/celtera/avendish/tree/main/docs.
The simplest way to get started is to take a look at the examples, and clone the template repository.
A recent enough clang version is provided for all platforms (check the CI scripts in .github/workflows/cmake).
A most basic avendish audio processor would look like this:
#pragma once
struct Distortion
{
static consteval auto name() { return "Distortion"; }
static consteval auto c_name() { return "disto"; }
static consteval auto uuid() { return "dd4dd880-d525-44fb-9773-325c87b235c0"; }
struct {
struct {
static consteval auto name() { return "Preamp"; }
static consteval auto control() {
struct {
const float min = 0.001;
const float max = 1000.;
const float init = 1.;
} c; return c;
}
float value{0.5};
} preamp;
struct {
static consteval auto name() { return "Volume"; }
float value{1.0};
} volume;
} inputs;
void operator()(double** in, double** out, int frames)
{
const double preamp = inputs.preamp.value;
const double volume = inputs.volume.value;
for (int c = 0; c < channels; c++)
for (int i = 0; i < frames; i++)
out[c][i] = volume * std::tanh(in[c][i] * preamp);
}
};
}It will create for instance an audio plug-in with two parameters.
The next example will create a PureData object which:
- can be initialized with either one float, two floats or a string,
- can be sent a
bamboozlemessage which will work with the arguments specified in the C++ function declaration - will perform an addition between its two inlets.
#pragma once
struct Addition
{
static consteval auto name() { return "Addition"; }
static consteval auto c_name() { return "avnd_addition"; }
static consteval auto uuid() { return "36427eb1-b5f4-4735-a383-6164cb9b2572"; }
struct {
struct { float value; } a;
struct { float value; } b;
} inputs;
struct {
struct { float value; } out;
} outputs;
struct {
struct {
static consteval auto name() { return "member"; }
static consteval auto func() { return &Messages::bamboozle; }
} member;
} messages;
void bamboozle(float x, float y, const char* str)
{
inputs.a.value = x;
inputs.b.value = y;
}
static constexpr std::tuple initialize{
[] (Init& self, float a) { std::cout << "A: " << a << std::endl; }
, [] (Init& self, const char* a, const char* b) { std::cout << "B: " << a << b << std::endl; }
};
void operator()()
{
outputs.out.value = inputs.a.value + inputs.b.value;
}
};A small library of helpers types and macros is provided to simplify the most common use-cases but is in no way mandatory.
As this library currently focuses on the "concept" of an audio effect processor or synthesizer, it provides various amenities tailored for that use case:
- It's possible to write processors either in a mono, per-sample or multi-channel, per-buffer (and various variations) fashion:
void operator()(double** in, double** out, int frames) { /* my audio code */ }
float operator()(float in) { /* my audio code */ }
... etc ...If a mono processor is written, the library will wrap it automatically in the case of a multichannel requirement from the host.
- An example of automatically wrapping controls in
std::atomicin order to provide thread-safe access to controls is implemented in one of the backends. Ultimately, this should be something configurable by the user: a Python binding should not have to pay the cost of atomic access, but an audio plug-in with an UI must be thread-safe.
- A first tentative in ossia score based on std::tuple and automatic deduction of function arguments.
- vintage explored Boost.PFR for creating audio plug-ins
- This was applied back on the API for ossia plug-ins.
- And here we are :-)
- WebAudio backend.
- TouchDesigner backend.
- Krita backend.
- frei0r backend.
- VCVRack backend.
- WASM component backend: https://radu-matei.com/blog/intro-wasm-components/
- Port many effects, see the issues :-)
- Support
std::optional<T>as a way to indicate message-like input / output. - Continue porting the concepts developed in https://github.com/jcelerier/score-simple-api-2/ ; in particular for CPU-based image processing. Extend to e.g. Krita plug-ins.
- Improve the handling of callbacks.
- Have a basic UI story.
- Implement concepts for GPU-based processing.
The library is licensed under GPLv3+commercial. The concepts are licensed as permissively as possible (any of Boost license, public domain, BSD0, CC0, you name it) as it's mainly the concepts which enable interoperability. The end goal being that people who make, e.g. plug-in specs provide their own generators based on these concepts, to make sure that we have a thriving interoperable ecosystem.
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