maksymiliandemitraszek / cleopatra_cairo

Cleopatra Cairo is a Rust implementation of the Cairo VM. Cairo is a programming language for writing provable programs, where one party can prove to another that a certain computation was executed correctly. Cairo and similar proof systems can be used to provide scalability to blockchains.

Cleopatra Cairo VM

Cleaopatra is a Rust implementation of the Cairo VM. The VM is fully functional but we don't support hints yet. We are working on it.

Code Coverage

Track of the project's code coverage: Codecov.

Cleopatra benchmarks:

Running a Cairo program that gets the 100th Fibonacci number we got the following benchmarks:

• Execution time with Criterion
• Flamegraph

Cairo

• From Cairo Documentation: How Cairo Works
• Cairo – a Turing-complete STARK-friendly CPU architecturer
• A Verified Algebraic Representation of Cairo Program Execution
• Cairo Verifier in Rust

Flow Diagram

We've created a diagram that illustrates function calls and where each of them are defined for a simple cairo program execution.

This diagram was produced using this mermaid code.

Original Cairo VM Internals

We wrote a document explaining how the Cairo VM works. It can be found here.

Compilers and interpreters

These is a list of recommended books to learn how to implement a compiler or an interpreter.

• How I wrote my own "proper" programming language - Mukul Rathi
• Introduction to Compilers and Language Design - Douglas Thain
• Beautiful Racket - Matthew Flatt
• Crafting interpreters - Robert Nystrom
• Engineering a Compiler - Keith D. Cooper, Linda Torczon

Computational integrity and Zero Knowledge Proofs

Basics

• Intro to zero knowledge proofs
• Security and Privacy for Crypto with Zero-Knowledge Proofs
• A Hands-On Tutorial for Zero-Knowledge Proofs Series

ZK SNARKs

• What are zk-SNARKs?
• Vitalik's introduction to how zk-SNARKs are possible
• Vitalik's post on quadratic arithmetic programs
• Why and How zk-SNARK Works - Maksym Petkus
• Comparing General Purpose zk-SNARKs
• Dark forest's intro + circuits PART 1
• Dark forest's intro + circuits PART 2

ZK STARKs

Introduction:

• Cryptography Stack Exchange Answer
• Hasu gets STARK-pilled - with Eli Ben-Sasson
• Cairo for Blockchain Developers
• Why STARKs are the key to unlocking blockchain scalability
• STARKs whitepaper: Scalable, transparent, and post-quantum secure computational integrity
• STARKs vs. SNARKs: A Cambrian Explosion of Crypto Proofs

Vitalik Buterin's blog series on zk-STARKs:

• STARKs, part 1: Proofs with Polynomials
• STARKs, part 2: Thank Goodness it's FRI-day
• STARKs, part 3: Into the Weeds

Alan Szepieniec's STARK tutorial:

• Anatomy of a STARK

StarkWare's STARK Math blog series:

• STARK Math: The Journey Begins
• Arithmetization I
• Arithmetization II
• Low Degree Testing
• A Framework for Efficient STARKs