- Polybius Square (c. 150 BC) -- encoding
- Nicodemus (c. 17th century)
- Grandpre (c. 17th century)
- Playfair (c. 1854)
- Nihilist (c. 19th century)
- Book (c. 19th century)
- Bifid (c. 1901)
- One-Time Pad (c. 1917)
- Hill (c. 1929)
- Four Square (c. 20th century)
- Pollux (c. 20th century)
- Syllabary (c. 20th century)
- Gromark (c. 1940s)
- Morbit (c. 1940s)
- Feistel (c. 1970s)
- Atbash (c. 500 BC)
- Caesar (c. 58 BC)
- Affine (c. 1920s)
- ROT13 (c. 1980s)
- Rotation (c. ?)
- Scytale (c. 400 BC)
- Columnar (c. 1880)
- Grille (c. 19th century)
- Rail Fence (c. 19th century)
- Myszkowski (c. 1902)
- Route (c. 20th century)
- Vigenère (+Variant Beaufort) (c. 1553)
- Beaufort (c. 17th century)
- Autokey (c. 1855)