Quine Relay

What this is

This is a Ruby program that generates Rust program that generates Scala program that generates ...(through 128 languages in total)... REXX program that generates the original Ruby code again.

(If you want to see the old 50-language version, see 50 branch.)

Usage

Ubuntu

If you are using Ubuntu 22.04 (Jammy Jellyfish), you can perform the following steps.

1. Install all interpreters/compilers.

First, you have to type the following apt-get command to install all of them.

$ sudo apt-get install afnix algol68g aplus-fsf aspectj asymptote \
  ats2-lang bash bc bf bsdgames bsh clisp clojure cmake coffeescript \
  dafny dc dhall elixir emacs-nox erlang f2c fish flex fp-compiler \
  fsharp g++ gambas3-gb-pcre gambas3-scripter gap gawk gcc gdb gdc \
  generator-scripting-language genius gforth gfortran ghc ghostscript \
  gnat gnu-smalltalk gnucobol4 gnuplot gobjc golang gpt groovy guile-3.0 \
  gzip haxe icont iconx intercal iverilog jasmin-sable jq kotlin ksh \
  libpolyml-dev lisaac livescript llvm lua5.3 m4 make maxima minizinc \
  mono-devel mono-mcs mono-vbnc nasm neko nickle node-typescript nodejs \
  ocaml octave openjdk-11-jdk pari-gp parser3-cgi perl php-cli polyml \
  python3 r-base rakudo ratfor rc regina-rexx ruby ruby-mustache rustc \
  scala scilab-cli sed slsh spin squirrel3 surgescript swi-prolog tcl \
  tcsh valac vim wabt xsltproc yabasic yorick zoem zsh

Then, build the bundled interpreters.

$ sudo apt-get install cmake libpng-dev libgd-dev groff bison curl
$ make -C vendor

2. Run each program on each interpreter/compiler.

$ ulimit -s unlimited
$ ruby QR.rb > QR.rs
$ rustc QR.rs && ./QR > QR.scala
$ scalac QR.scala && scala QR > QR.scm
$ guile QR.scm > QR.sci
$ scilab-cli -nb -f QR.sci > QR.sed
$ sed -E -f QR.sed QR.sed > QR.spl
$ ./vendor/local/bin/spl2c < QR.spl > QR.spl.c && gcc -z muldefs -o QR -I ./vendor/local/include -L ./vendor/local/lib QR.spl.c -lspl -lm &&
  ./QR > QR.sl
$ slsh QR.sl > QR.st
$ gst QR.st > QR.nut
$ squirrel QR.nut > QR.sml
$ polyc -o QR QR.sml && ./QR > QR.sq
$ ruby vendor/subleq.rb QR.sq > QR.ss
$ surgescript QR.ss > QR.tcl
$ tclsh QR.tcl > QR.tcsh
$ tcsh QR.tcsh > QR.t
$ ruby vendor/thue.rb QR.t > QR.ts
$ tsc --outFile QR.ts.js QR.ts && nodejs QR.ts.js > QR.unl
$ ruby vendor/unlambda.rb QR.unl > QR.vala
$ valac QR.vala && ./QR > QR.mid
$ mono vendor/local/bin/Vlt.exe /s QR.mid && mono QR.exe > QR.v
$ iverilog -o QR QR.v && ./QR -vcd-none > QR.vim
$ vim -EsS QR.vim > QR.vb
$ vbnc QR.vb && mono ./QR.exe > QR.wasm
$ $(WASI_RUNTIME) QR.wasm > QR.wat
$ wat2wasm QR.wat -o QR.wat.wasm && $(WASI_RUNTIME) QR.wat.wasm > QR.ws
$ ruby vendor/whitespace.rb QR.ws > QR.xslt
$ xsltproc QR.xslt > QR.yab
$ yabasic QR.yab > QR.yorick
$ yorick -batch QR.yorick > QR.azm
$ zoem -i QR.azm > QR.zsh
$ zsh QR.zsh > QR.+
$ a+ QR.+ > qr.adb
$ gnatmake qr.adb && ./qr > QR.als
$ LANG=C LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/afnix axi QR.als > QR.aheui
$ ruby vendor/aheui.rb QR.aheui > QR.a68
$ a68g QR.a68 > QR.ante
$ ruby vendor/ante.rb QR.ante > QR.aj
$ ajc QR.aj && java QR > QR.asy
$ asy QR.asy > QR.dats
$ patscc -o QR QR.dats && ./QR > QR.awk
$ awk -f QR.awk > QR.bash
$ bash QR.bash > QR.bc
$ BC_LINE_LENGTH=4000000 bc -q QR.bc > QR.bsh
$ bsh QR.bsh > QR.bef
$ cfunge QR.bef > QR.Blc
$ ruby vendor/blc.rb < QR.Blc > QR.bf
$ bf -c500000 QR.bf > QR.c
$ gcc -o QR QR.c && ./QR > QR.cpp
$ g++ -o QR QR.cpp && ./QR > QR.cs
$ mcs QR.cs && mono QR.exe > QR.chef
$ PERL5LIB=vendor/local/lib/perl5 compilechef QR.chef QR.chef.pl &&
  perl QR.chef.pl > QR.clj
$ clojure QR.clj > QR.cmake
$ cmake -P QR.cmake > QR.cob
$ cobc -O2 -x QR.cob && ./QR > QR.coffee
$ coffee --nodejs --stack_size=100000 QR.coffee > QR.lisp
$ clisp QR.lisp > QR.d
$ gdc -o QR QR.d && ./QR > QR.dfy
$ dafny QR.dfy && mono QR.exe > QR.dc
$ dc QR.dc > QR.dhall || true
$ dhall text --file QR.dhall > QR.exs
$ elixir QR.exs > QR.el
$ emacs -Q --script QR.el > QR.erl
$ escript QR.erl > QR.fsx
$ fsharpc QR.fsx -o QR.exe && mono QR.exe > QR.false
$ ruby vendor/false.rb QR.false > QR.fl
$ flex -o QR.fl.c QR.fl && gcc -o QR QR.fl.c && ./QR > QR.fish
$ fish QR.fish > QR.fs
$ gforth QR.fs > QR.f
$ gfortran -o QR QR.f && ./QR > QR.f90
$ gfortran -o QR QR.f90 && ./QR > QR.gbs
$ gbs3 QR.gbs > QR.g
$ gap -q QR.g > QR.gdb
$ gdb -q -x QR.gdb > QR.gel
$ genius QR.gel > QR.gsl
$ gsl -q QR.gsl > QR.plt
$ gnuplot QR.plt > QR.go
$ go run QR.go > QR.gs
$ ruby vendor/golfscript.rb QR.gs > QR.gpt
$ mv QR.c QR.c.bak && gpt -t QR.c QR.gpt && gcc -o QR QR.c && ./QR > QR.grass &&
  mv QR.c.bak QR.c
$ ruby vendor/grass.rb QR.grass > QR.groovy
$ groovy QR.groovy > QR.gz
$ gzip -cd QR.gz > QR.hs
$ ghc QR.hs && ./QR > QR.hx
$ haxe -main QR -neko QR.n && neko QR.n > QR.icn
$ icont -s QR.icn && ./QR > QR.i
$ ick -bfOc QR.i && gcc -static QR.c -I /usr/include/ick-* -o QR -lick &&
  ./QR > QR.j
$ jasmin QR.j && java QR > QR.java
$ javac QR.java && java QR > QR.js
$ nodejs QR.js > QR.jq
$ jq -r -n -f QR.jq > QR.jsfuck
$ nodejs --stack_size=100000 QR.jsfuck > QR.kt
$ kotlinc QR.kt -include-runtime -d QR.jar && kotlin QR.jar > QR.ksh
$ ksh QR.ksh > QR.lazy
$ lazyk QR.lazy > qr.li
$ lisaac qr.li && ./qr > QR.ls
$ lsc QR.ls > QR.ll
$ llvm-as QR.ll && lli QR.bc > QR.lol
$ lci QR.lol > QR.lua
$ lua5.3 QR.lua > QR.m4
$ m4 QR.m4 > QR.mk
$ make -f QR.mk > QR.mac
$ maxima -q --init-mac=QR.mac > QR.mzn
$ minizinc --solver Gecode --soln-sep '' QR.mzn > QR.il
$ ilasm QR.il && mono QR.exe > QR.mustache
$ mustache QR.mustache QR.mustache > QR.asm
$ nasm -felf QR.asm && ld -m elf_i386 -o QR QR.o && ./QR > QR.neko
$ nekoc QR.neko && neko QR.n > QR.5c
$ nickle QR.5c > QR.m
$ gcc -o QR QR.m && ./QR > QR.ml
$ ocaml QR.ml > QR.octave
$ mv QR.m QR.m.bak && octave -qf QR.octave > QR.ook && mv QR.m.bak QR.m
$ ruby vendor/ook-to-bf.rb QR.ook QR.ook.bf && bf -c500000 QR.ook.bf > QR.gp
$ gp -f -q QR.gp > QR.p
$ parser3 QR.p > QR.pas
$ fpc QR.pas && ./QR > QR.pl
$ perl QR.pl > QR.pl6
$ perl6 QR.pl6 > QR.php
$ php QR.php > QR.png
$ npiet QR.png > QR.ps
$ gs -dNODISPLAY -q QR.ps > QR.ppt
$ ppt -d < QR.ppt > QR.prolog
$ swipl -q -t qr -f QR.prolog > QR.pr
$ spin -T QR.pr > QR.py
$ python3 QR.py > QR.R
$ R --slave -f QR.R > QR.ratfor
$ ratfor -o QR.ratfor.f QR.ratfor && gfortran -o QR QR.ratfor.f &&
  ./QR > QR.rc
$ rc QR.rc > QR.rexx
$ rexx ./QR.rexx > QR2.rb

You will see that QR.rb is the same as QR2.rb.

$ diff QR.rb QR2.rb

Alternatively, just type make.

$ make

Note: It may require huge memory to compile some files.

Docker

Simply build the image and run a container as follows:

$ docker build -t qr .
$ docker run --privileged --rm -e CI=true qr

Note: you need to run in privileged mode otherwise the maxima command will fail.

If you want to check generated files, you can mount the local directory in the Docker container (but keep using the vendor directory of the container), as follows:

$ docker run --privileged --rm -e CI=true -v $(pwd):/usr/local/share/quine-relay -v /usr/local/share/quine-relay/vendor qr

Other platforms

You may find instructions for other platforms in the wiki.

If you are not using these Linux distributions, please find your way yourself. If you could do it, please let me know. Good luck.

Tested interpreter/compiler versions

I used the following Ubuntu deb packages to test this program.

#	language	ubuntu package	version
1	Ruby	ruby	1:3.0~exp1
2	Rust	rustc	1.58.1+dfsg1~ubuntu1-0ubuntu2
3	Scala	scala	2.11.12-5
4	Scheme	guile-3.0	3.0.7-1
5	Scilab	scilab-cli	6.1.1+dfsg2-3ubuntu1
6	sed	sed	4.8-1ubuntu2
7	Shakespeare	N/A	-
8	S-Lang	slsh	2.3.2-5build4
9	Smalltalk	gnu-smalltalk	3.2.5-1.3ubuntu1
10	Squirrel	squirrel3	3.1-8build1
11	Standard ML	polyml, libpolyml-dev	5.7.1-4ubuntu1
12	Subleq	N/A	-
13	SurgeScript	surgescript	0.5.4.4-1
14	Tcl	tcl	8.6.11+1build2
15	tcsh	tcsh	6.21.00-1.1
16	Thue	N/A	-
17	TypeScript	node-typescript	4.5.4+ds1-1
18	Unlambda	N/A	-
19	Vala	valac	0.56.0-1
20	Velato	N/A	-
21	Verilog	iverilog	11.0-1.1
22	Vimscript	vim	2:8.2.3995-1ubuntu2
23	Visual Basic	mono-vbnc	4.0.1-3
24	WebAssembly (Binary format)	wabt	1.0.27-1
25	WebAssembly (Text format)	wabt	1.0.27-1
26	Whitespace	N/A	-
27	XSLT	xsltproc	1.1.34-4build2
28	Yabasic	yabasic	1:2.90.2-1
29	Yorick	yorick	2.2.04+dfsg1-12
30	Zoem	zoem	11-166-2
31	zsh	zsh	5.8.1-1
32	A+	aplus-fsf	4.22.1-10.1ubuntu2
33	Ada	gnat	10.1ubuntu1
34	AFNIX	afnix	3.5.0-3
35	Aheui	N/A	-
36	ALGOL 68	algol68g	2.8.4-1
37	Ante	N/A	-
38	AspectJ	aspectj	1.9.2-2
39	Asymptote	asymptote	2.78+ds-2
40	ATS	ats2-lang	0.4.2-1
41	Awk	gawk	1:5.1.0-1build3
42	bash	bash	5.1-6ubuntu1
43	bc	bc	1.07.1-3build1
44	BeanShell	bsh	2.0b4-20
45	Befunge	N/A	-
46	BLC8	N/A	-
47	Brainfuck	bf	20041219ubuntu7
48	C	gcc	4:11.2.0-1ubuntu1
49	C++	g++	4:11.2.0-1ubuntu1
50	C#	mono-mcs	6.8.0.105+dfsg-3.2
51	Chef	N/A	-
52	Clojure	clojure	1.10.2-1
53	CMake	cmake	3.22.1-1ubuntu1
54	Cobol	gnucobol4	4.0~~early~~20200606-6
55	CoffeeScript	coffeescript	1.12.8~dfsg-5
56	Common Lisp	clisp	1:2.49.20210628.gitde01f0f-2
57	D	gdc	4:11.2.0-1ubuntu1
58	Dafny	dafny	2.3.0+dfsg-0.1
59	dc	dc	1.07.1-3build1
60	Dhall	dhall	1.32.0-1build1.1
61	Elixir	elixir	1.12.2.dfsg-2.2
62	Emacs Lisp	emacs-nox	1:27.1+1-3ubuntu5
63	Erlang	erlang	1:24.2.1+dfsg-1
64	F#	fsharp	4.0.0.4+dfsg2-2
65	FALSE	N/A	-
66	Flex	flex	2.6.4-8build2
67	Fish	fish	3.3.1+ds-3
68	Forth	gforth	0.7.3+dfsg-9build4.1
69	FORTRAN77	f2c	20200916-1
70	Fortran90	gfortran	4:11.2.0-1ubuntu1
71	Gambas script	gambas3-scripter, gambas3-gb-pcre	3.16.3-3
72	GAP	gap	4.11.1-1
73	GDB	gdb	12.0.90-0ubuntu1
74	GEL (Genius)	genius	1.0.27-1
75	GeneratorScriptingLanguage	generator-scripting-language	4.1.5-3
76	Gnuplot	gnuplot	5.4.2+dfsg2-2
77	Go	golang	2:1.18~0ubuntu2
78	GolfScript	N/A	-
79	G-Portugol	gpt	1.1-7
80	Grass	N/A	-
81	Groovy	groovy	2.4.21-1
82	Gzip	gzip	1.10-4ubuntu4
83	Haskell	ghc	8.8.4-3
84	Haxe	haxe	1:4.2.4-1build1
85	Icon	icont, iconx	9.4.3-7ubuntu1
86	INTERCAL	intercal	30:0.30-3
87	Jasmin	jasmin-sable	2.5.0-2
88	Java	openjdk-11-jdk	11.0.14.1+1-0ubuntu1
89	JavaScript	nodejs	12.22.9~dfsg-1ubuntu3
90	Jq	jq	1.6-2.1ubuntu3
91	JSFuck	nodejs	12.22.9~dfsg-1ubuntu3
92	Kotlin	kotlin	1.3.31+~1.0.1+~0.11.12-2
93	ksh	ksh	20211217
94	Lazy K	N/A	-
95	Lisaac	lisaac	1:0.39~rc1-3.1
96	LiveScript	livescript	1.6.1+dfsg-2
97	LLVM asm	llvm	1:14.0-55~exp2
98	LOLCODE	N/A	-
99	Lua	lua5.3	5.3.6-1build1
100	M4	m4	1.4.18-5ubuntu2
101	Makefile	make	4.3-4.1build1
102	Maxima	maxima	5.45.1-8
103	MiniZinc	minizinc	2.5.3+dfsg1-1
104	MSIL	mono-devel	6.8.0.105+dfsg-3.2
105	Mustache	ruby-mustache	1.1.1-2
106	NASM	nasm	2.15.05-1
107	Neko	neko	2.3.0-1build3
108	Nickle	nickle	2.91
109	Objective-C	gobjc	4:11.2.0-1ubuntu1
110	OCaml	ocaml	4.13.1-3ubuntu1
111	Octave	octave	6.4.0-2
112	Ook!	N/A	-
113	PARI/GP	pari-gp	2.13.3-1
114	Parser 3	parser3-cgi	3.4.6-3
115	Pascal	fp-compiler	3.2.2+dfsg-9ubuntu1
116	Perl 5	perl	5.34.0-3ubuntu1
117	Perl 6	rakudo	2022.02-1
118	PHP	php-cli	2:8.1+92ubuntu1
119	Piet	N/A	-
120	PostScript	ghostscript	9.55.0~dfsg1-0ubuntu5
121	PPT (Punched tape)	bsdgames	2.17-29
122	Prolog	swi-prolog	8.4.2+dfsg-2ubuntu1
123	Promela (Spin)	spin	6.5.2+dfsg-1
124	Python	python3	3.10.4-0ubuntu2
125	R	r-base	4.1.2-1ubuntu2
126	Ratfor	ratfor	1.05-2
127	rc	rc	1.7.4+97.gceb59bb-4
128	REXX	regina-rexx	3.6-2.4

Note that some languages are not available in Ubuntu (marked as N/A). This repository includes their implementations in vendor/. See also vendor/README in detail.

Frequently asked questions

Q. Why?

A. Take your pick.

Q. How?

A. Good news: I published a book, "The world of obfuscated, esoteric, artistic programming". It explains how to write a quine, an ascii-art quine, and an uroboros quine like this quine-relay. You can buy my book on amazon.co.jp.

(It also contains my almost all (about forty) works, including alphabet-only Ruby program, radiation-hardened quine, etc., and explains many techniques to write such programs.)

Bad news: It is written in Japanese. I hope you could translate it into English ~~and help me earn royalties~~.

Q. Language XXX is missing!

A. See the criteria for language inclusion in detail. (In short: please create a deb package and contribute it to Ubuntu.)

Q. Does it really work?

Q. How long did it take you?

A. Do you try to cross the world line?

Q. The code does not fit into my display!

A. Here you go.

Q. How was the code generated?

$ sudo apt-get install rake ruby-cairo ruby-rsvg2 ruby-gdk-pixbuf2 \
  optipng advancecomp ruby-chunky-png
$ cd src
$ rake2.0 clobber
$ rake2.0

License

The MIT License applies to all resources except the files in the vendor/ directory.

The files in the vendor/ directory are from third-parties and are distributed under different licenses. See vendor/README in detail.

The MIT License (MIT)

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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