bhanditz / overseer

Monitorable, gracefully restarting, self-upgrading binaries in Go (golang)

overseer

overseer is a package for creating monitorable, gracefully restarting, self-upgrading binaries in Go (golang). The main goal of this project is to facilitate the creation of self-upgrading binaries which play nice with standard process managers, secondly it should expose a small and simple API with reasonable defaults.

Commonly, graceful restarts are performed by the active process (dark blue) closing its listeners and passing these matching listening socket files (green) over to a newly started process. This restart causes any foreground process monitoring to incorrectly detect a program crash. overseer attempts to solve this by using a small process to perform this socket file exchange and proxying signals and exit code from the active process.

Features

• Simple
• Works with process managers (systemd, upstart, supervisor, etc)
• Graceful, zero-down time restarts
• Easy self-upgrading binaries

Install

go get github.com/jpillora/overseer

Quick example

This program works with process managers, supports graceful, zero-down time restarts and self-upgrades its own binary.

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"time"

	"github.com/jpillora/overseer"
	"github.com/jpillora/overseer/fetcher"
)

//create another main() to run the overseer process
//and then convert your old main() into a 'prog(state)'
func main() {
	overseer.Run(overseer.Config{
		Program: prog,
		Address: ":3000",
		Fetcher: &fetcher.HTTP{
			URL:      "http://localhost:4000/binaries/myapp",
			Interval: 1 * time.Second,
		},
	})
}

//prog(state) runs in a child process
func prog(state overseer.State) {
	log.Printf("app (%s) listening...", state.ID)
	http.Handle("/", http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "app (%s) says hello\n", state.ID)
	}))
	http.Serve(state.Listener, nil)
}

How it works:

• overseer uses the main process to check for and install upgrades and a child process to run Program.
• The main process retrieves the files of the listeners described by Address/es.
• The child process is provided with these files which is converted into a Listener/s for the Program to consume.
• All child process pipes are connected back to the main process.
• All signals received on the main process are forwarded through to the child process.
• Fetcher runs in a goroutine and checks for updates at preconfigured interval. When Fetcher returns a valid binary stream (io.Reader), the master process saves it to a temporary location, verifies it, replaces the current binary and initiates a graceful restart.
• The fetcher.HTTP accepts a URL, it polls this URL with HEAD requests and until it detects a change. On change, we GET the URL and stream it back out to overseer. See also fetcher.S3.
• Once a binary is received, it is run with a simple echo token to confirm it is a overseer binary.
• Except for scheduled restarts, the active child process exiting will cause the main process to exit with the same code. So, overseer is not a process manager.

See Configuration options here and the runtime State available to your program here.

More examples

See the example/ directory and run example.sh, you should see the following output:

$ cd example/
$ sh example.sh
BUILT APP (1)
RUNNING APP
app#1 (031c802ee74f00b2a5c52f2fe647523973c09441) listening...
app#1 (031c802ee74f00b2a5c52f2fe647523973c09441) says hello
app#1 (031c802ee74f00b2a5c52f2fe647523973c09441) says hello
BUILT APP (2)
app#2 (25d19f139f50f39fadbd066b438ebdc28d818eb1) listening...
app#2 (25d19f139f50f39fadbd066b438ebdc28d818eb1) says hello
app#2 (25d19f139f50f39fadbd066b438ebdc28d818eb1) says hello
app#1 (031c802ee74f00b2a5c52f2fe647523973c09441) says hello
app#1 (031c802ee74f00b2a5c52f2fe647523973c09441) exiting...
BUILT APP (3)
app#3 (5ed8170e5bbd6947cc514c87ac29e7acfba5cffc) listening...
app#3 (5ed8170e5bbd6947cc514c87ac29e7acfba5cffc) says hello
app#3 (5ed8170e5bbd6947cc514c87ac29e7acfba5cffc) says hello
app#2 (25d19f139f50f39fadbd066b438ebdc28d818eb1) says hello
app#2 (25d19f139f50f39fadbd066b438ebdc28d818eb1) exiting...
app#3 (5ed8170e5bbd6947cc514c87ac29e7acfba5cffc) says hello

Note: app#1 stays running until the last request is closed.

Only use graceful restarts

func main() {
	overseer.Run(overseer.Config{
		Program: prog,
		Address: ":3000",
	})
}

Send main a SIGUSR2 (Config.RestartSignal) to manually trigger a restart

Only use auto-upgrades, no restarts

func main() {
	overseer.Run(overseer.Config{
		Program: prog,
		NoRestart: true,
		Fetcher: &fetcher.HTTP{
			URL:      "http://localhost:4000/binaries/myapp",
			Interval: 1 * time.Second,
		},
	})
}

Your binary will be upgraded though it will require manual restart from the user, suitable for creating self-upgrading command-line applications.

Multi-platform binaries using a dynamic fetch URL

func main() {
	overseer.Run(overseer.Config{
		Program: prog,
		Fetcher: &fetcher.HTTP{
			URL: "http://localhost:4000/binaries/app-"+runtime.GOOS+"-"+runtime.GOARCH,
			//e.g.http://localhost:4000/binaries/app-linux-amd64
		},
	})
}

Known issues

• The master process's overseer.Config cannot be changed via an upgrade, the master process must be restarted.
  • Therefore, Addresses can only be changed by restarting the main process.
• Currently shells out to mv for moving files because mv handles cross-partition moves unlike os.Rename.
• Only supported on darwin and linux.
• Package init() functions will run twice on start, once in the main process and once in the child process.

More documentation

• Core overseer package
• Common fetcher.Interface
  • File fetcher
  • HTTP fetcher
  • S3 fetcher
  • Github fetcher

Third-party Fetchers

• overseer-bindiff A binary diff fetcher and builder

Docker

1. Compile your overseerable app to a /path/on/docker/host/dir/app

2. Then run it with:

   #run the app inside a standard Debian container
   docker run -d -v /path/on/docker/host/dir/:/home/ -w /home/ debian /home/app

3. For testing, swap out -d (daemonize) for --rm -it (remove on exit, input, terminal)

4. app should mount its parent directory as a volume in order to store the latest binaries on the host

5. If the OS doesn't ship with TLS certs, you can mount them from the host with -v /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt:/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt

Contributing

See CONTRIBUTING.md