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brainstorm's Introduction

Description

This is an optimising interpreter for the language Brainfuck with a small twist: brainstorm's output operation can be configured to print only numbers - the numeric value of the memory cell. In other words, brainstorm is oriented toward complex computational problems.

Other than that brainstorm does two very basic optimisations on the code: homogeneous data- and instruction-pointer-move instruction sequences are collapsed to one instruction. Instructions themselves are stored as 16-bit words, containing an optional immediate-operand field.

How to Build

Running the build.sh script in the source directiory builds the executable, if you happen to have clang++-3.6 (hardcoded in the script -- substitute for your preferred compiler).

There are three versions of the interpreter -- vanilla, alt and alt-alt. They differ by minor tweaks to the interpeter loop, which can benefit some combinations of microarchitectures and compilers. The vanilla version is built by default; to build the alt version, pass _alt as an arg to the build script, and to build the alt-alt version, pass _alt_alt, respectively.

Benchmarks

Erik Bosman's mandelbrot generator (times include printout; 'alt' = alt version, 'alt^2' = alt-alt version):

CPU compiler time (real)
AMD C-60 (Bobcat) @ 1.33GHz clang++-3.5.2 0m36.497s 1
AMD C-60 (Bobcat) @ 1.33GHz g++-4.8.4 0m34.668s 1
AMD A8-7600 (Steamroller) @ 2.4GHz clang++-3.5.2 0m16.720s
AMD Ryzen 1700 (Zen) @ 3.0GHz g++-6.3.0 0m9.54s
AMD Ryzen 1700 (Zen) @ 3.168GHz g++-12.3.1 0m7.08s
AMD Ryzen 1700X (Zen) @ 2.2GHz g++-4.9.2 0m11.81s 2
Intel Core2 Quad Q6600 (Kentsfield) @ 3.2GHz clang++-3.7.x 0m12.650s
Intel Core2 Quad Q6600 (Kentsfield) @ 3.2GHz g++-4.9.2 0m16.430s
Intel Core2 Duo P8600 (Penryn) @ 2.4GHz (alt^2) apple clang++-8.1.0 0m13.383s
Intel i7-2600 (Sandy Bridge) @ 3.8GHz clang++-3.7.1 0m9.200s
Intel i7-2600 (Sandy Bridge) @ 3.8GHz g++-5.3.0 0m8.350s
Intel E5-2687W (Sandy Bridge) @ 3.1GHz clang++-3.6.2 0m9.390s
Intel E5-2687W (Sandy Bridge) @ 3.1GHz g++-4.7.2 0m9.946s
Intel i5-3470S (Ivy Bridge) @ 1.6GHz g++-4.8.2 0m17.087s
Intel i5-3570 (Ivy Bridge) @ 1.6GHz g++-4.8.4 0m17.086s
Intel i5-3570 (Ivy Bridge) @ 3.8GHz g++-4.8.4 0m7.200s
Intel E3-1270v2 (Ivy Bridge) @ 1.6GHz clang++-3.5.0 0m17.189s
Intel E3-1270v2 (Ivy Bridge) @ 1.6GHz g++-4.8.2 0m17.088s
Intel E3-1270v2 (Ivy Bridge) @ 3.9GHz g++-4.8.2 0m7.033s
Intel i7-5820K (Haswell) @ 3.6GHz clang++-3.6.x 0m7.276s
Intel i7-5820K (Haswell) @ 3.6GHz g++-4.8.x 0m6.905s
Freescale iMX53 (Cortex-A8 r2p5) @ 1.0GHz clang++-3.6.2 1m0.941s
Freescale iMX53 (Cortex-A8 r2p5) @ 1.0GHz g++-4.9.2 0m55.673s
Samsung Exynos 5422 (Cortex-A15 r2p3) @ 2.0GHz clang++-3.6.2 0m28.754s
Samsung Exynos 5422 (Cortex-A15 r2p3) @ 2.0GHz g++-6.3.0 0m20.007s
Allwinner A64 (Cortex-A53 r0p4) @ 1.152GHz (alt) clang++-3.6.2 0m40.832s
AppliedMicro X-Gene 1 @ 2.4GHz (alt) clang++-3.5.0 0m19.623s
AppliedMicro X-Gene 1 @ 2.4GHz (alt) g++-4.9.1 0m19.608s
Rockchip RK3368 (Cortex-A53 r0p3) A32 @ 1.51GHz (alt^2) g++-4.9.3 0m32.623s
Rockchip RK3368 (Cortex-A53 r0p3) A64 @ 1.51GHz (alt^2) clang++-3.6.0 0m30.224s
Rockchip RK3399 (Cortex-A72 r0p2) A64 @ 1.8GHz (alt^2) g++-7.4.0 0m16.394s 3
MediaTek MT8163A (Cortex-A53 r0p3) A32 @ 1.5GHz (alt^2) g++-4.9.2 0m33.430s 4
MediaTek MT8163A (Cortex-A53 r0p3) A64 @ 1.5GHz (alt^2) clang++-3.6.2 0m30.587s 4
MediaTek MT8173C (Cortex-A72 r0p0) A64 @ 2.1GHz clang++-5.0.1 0m19.083s 3
MediaTek MT8173C (Cortex-A72 r0p0) A64 @ 2.1GHz (alt^2) g++-7.2.1 0m14.011s 3
MediaTek MT8173C (Cortex-A72 r0p0) A64 @ 2.1GHz (alt^2) g++-8.3.0 0m13.433s
Marvell ARMADA 8040 (Cortex-A72 r0p1) A64 @ 1.3GHz (alt^2) g++-7.2.1 0m22.703s 3
Marvell ARMADA 8040 (Cortex-A72 r0p1) A64 @ 1.3GHz clang++-3.5.2 0m30.836s 3
Marvell ARMADA 8040 (Cortex-A72 r0p1) A64 @ 2.0GHz clang++-3.5.2 0m20.035s 3
NXP LX2160A (Cortex-A72 r0p3) A64 @ 2.0GHz (alt^2) g++-7.4.0 0m14.748s
NXP LX2160A (Cortex-A72 r0p3) A64 @ 2.0GHz (alt^2) clang++-8.0.0 0m19.590s 3
AWS Graviton (Cortex-A72 r0p3) A64 @ 2.28GHz (alt^2) g++-7.3.0 0m12.881s
AWS Graviton (Cortex-A72 r0p3) A64 @ 2.28GHz clang++-6.0.0 0m16.924s
AWS Graviton2 (Cortex-A76 r3p0) A64 @ 2.5GHz (alt^2) g++-7.5.0 0m8.115s
AWS Graviton2 (Cortex-A76 r3p0) A64 @ 2.5GHz (alt^2) clang++-9.0.1 0m7.740s
Baikal-T1 (MIPS P5600) @ 1.2GHz (alt) g++-6.3.0 0m37.212s
Baikal-T1 (MIPS P5600) @ 1.2GHz (alt^2) g++-7.3.0 0m31.822s
Amlogic S922X (Cortex-A73 r0p2) A64 @ 1.8GHz (alt^2) g++-7.3.0 0m15.459s
NVIDIA armv8.2 (Carmel) A64 @ 1.907GHz (alt^2) g++-8.4.0 0m14.680s
NVIDIA armv8.2 (Carmel) A64 @ 2.265GHz (alt^2) g++-8.4.0 0m10.990s
NVIDIA Orin (Cortex-A78AE) A64 @ 2.2GHz (alt^2) g++-8.4.0 0m6.51s
Broadcom BCM2712 (Cortex-A76 r4p1) A64 @ 2.4GHz (alt^2) clang++-13.0.1 0m8.213s
Fujitsu armv8.2 (A64fx) A64 @ 2.2GHz (alt^2) clang++-7.0.0 0m14.652s
Snapdragon 835 (Cortex-A73 r?p?) A64 @ 2.55GHz (alt^2) clang++-9.0.0 0m12.117s
Snapdragon 835 (Cortex-A73 r?p?) A64 @ 2.55GHz (alt^2) g++-7.5.0 0m11.208s
Snapdragon 835 (Cortex-A73 r?p?) A64 @ 2.55GHz (alt^2) g++-8.3.0 0m10.915s
Snapdragon SQ1 (Cortex-A76 r?p?) A64 @ 3.0GHz (alt^2) clang++-9.0.1 0m7.043s
Snapdragon SQ1 (Cortex-A76 r?p?) A64 @ 3.0GHz (alt^2) clang++-10.0.0 0m6.690s
Apple armv8.4 (Firestorm) @ 3.2GHz (alt^2) apple clang++ 12.0.0 0m6.510s
Apple armv8.4 (Firestorm) @ 3.2GHz (alt^2) g++-11.0.0 0m4.350s
Apple armv8.5 (Avalanche) @ 3.49GHz (alt^2) apple clang++ 14.0.0 0m5.880s
Apple armv8.5 (Avalanche) @ 3.49GHz g++-12.2.0 0m4.142s
Apple armv8.5 (Avalanche) @ 3.49GHz g++-13.1.0 0m3.930s
Intel i5-1035G4 (Ice Lake) @ 3.5 GHz (alt^2) clang++-9.0.0 0m4.930s
AMD Ryzen 9 7950x (Zen4) @ 4.5 GHz g++-11.2.1 0m3.90s
AMD Ryzen 9 7950x (Zen4) @ full boost (~5.7 GHz) g++-11.2.1 0m3.11s
Intel i5-5257U (Broadwell) @ 3.1 GHz apple clang++ 11.0.3 0m6.70s
Intel i5-5257U (Broadwell) @ 3.1 GHz (alt^2) apple clang++ 11.0.3 0m6.00s
Intel i9-13900k (Raptor Cove) @ full boost (~5.50-5.56 GHZ) clang-13.0 5 0m2.676s
Intel i7-8700 (Coffee Lake) @ full boost (~4.28-4.60 GHZ) clang-13.0 5 0m4.551s
Intel i7-8700 (Coffee Lake) @ full boost (~4.28-4.60 GHZ) (alt^2) clang-13.0 5 0m4.089s
Intel i7-8700 (Coffee Lake) @ 3.19 GHZ clang-13.0 5 0m6.25s
Intel i7-8700 (Coffee Lake) @ 3.19 GHZ (alt^2) clang-13.0 5 0m5.62s
Intel w9-3475X (Sapphire Rapids) @ 4.80 GHz (alt^2) clang-13.0 5 0m3.469s
Intel w9-3475X (Sapphire Rapids) @ 2.21 GHz (alt^2) clang-13.0 5 0m6.766s
Intel i7-1360P (Raptor Cove) @ 4.984 GHz g++-8.5 0m3.650s
Intel i7-1360P (Raptor Cove) @ 4.984 GHz (alt^2) g++-11.2 0m3.750s
Intel i7-1360P (Raptor Cove) @ 4.984 GHz (alt^2) clang-14.0.6 0m2.990s
Intel i7-1360P (Gracemont) @ 3.691 GHz (alt^2) g++-8.5 0m5.600s
Intel i7-1360P (Gracemont) @ 3.691 GHz (alt^2) g++-11.2 0m6.080s
Intel i7-1360P (Gracemont) @ 3.691 GHz (alt^2) clang-14.0.6 0m5.050s

Note: There are two compiler snafus in all A64 alt-alt entries built by clang. First, the interpereter loop does not get aligned to a multiple-of-16 address, so one has to inject nops before the loop to get optimal loop alignment. Second, the code generated for the loop could be better:

400f00:       787a7aa8        ldrh    w8, [x21,x26,lsl #1]
400f04:       12000909        and     w9, w8, #0x7
400f08:       71001d3f        cmp     w9, #0x7            // since we just AND'd its source register with 7, w9 could not be larger than 7,
400f0c:       54000468        b.hi    400f98              // so this pair of ops is essentially nops in the innermost loop
...
400f98:       f94007e8        ldr     x8, [sp,#8]
400f9c:       9100075a        add     x26, x26, #0x1
400fa0:       eb08035f        cmp     x26, x8
400fa4:       54fffae3        b.cc    400f00

Normalized performance from the above as ticks = duration x CPU_GHz (lower is better):

CPU compiler ticks
Freescale iMX53 (Cortex-A8 r2p5) g++-4.9.2 55.67
AppliedMicro X-Gene 1 (alt) g++-4.9.1 47.06
Allwinner A64 (Cortex-A53 r0p4) (alt) clang++-3.6.2 47.04
AMD C-60 (Bobcat) g++-4.8.4 46.11
MediaTek MT8163A (Cortex-A53 r0p3) (alt^2) clang++-3.6.2 45.88
Rockchip RK3368 (Cortex-A53 r0p3) (alt^2) clang++-3.6.0 45.64
Intel Core2 Quad Q6600 (Kentsfield) clang++-3.7.x 40.48
AMD A8-7600 (Steamroller) clang++-3.5.2 40.13
Samsung Exynos 5422 (Cortex-A15 r2p3) g++-6.3.0 40.01
Baikal-T1 (MIPS P5600) (alt^2) g++-7.3.0 38.19
Fujitsu armv8.2 (A64fx) (alt^2) clang++-7.0.0 32.23
Intel Core2 Duo P8600 (Penryn) (alt^2) apple clang++-8.1.0 32.12
Intel i7-2600 (Sandy Bridge) g++-5.3.0 31.73
Rockchip RK3399 (Cortex-A72 r0p2) (alt^2) g++-7.4.0 29.51
Marvell ARMADA 8040 (Cortex-A72 r0p1) (alt^2) g++-7.2.1 29.51
NXP LX2160A (Cortex-A72 r0p3) (alt^2) g++-7.4.0 29.50
MediaTek MT8173C (Cortex-A72 r0p0) (alt^2) g++-7.2.1 29.42
AWS Graviton (Cortex-A72 r0p3) (alt^2) g++-7.3.0 29.37
Intel E5-2687W (Sandy Bridge) clang++-3.6.2 29.11
MediaTek MT8173C (Cortex-A72 r0p0) (alt^2) g++-8.3.0 28.21
Snapdragon 835 (Cortex-A73 r?p?) (alt^2) g++-8.3.0 27.83
Amlogic S922X (Cortex-A73 r0p2) (alt^2) g++-7.3.0 27.83
Intel E3-1270v2 (Ivy Bridge) g++-4.8.2 27.34
AMD Ryzen 1700X (Zen) g++-4.9.2 25.98
NVIDIA armv8.2 (Carmel) A64 (alt^2) g++-8.4.0 24.89
Intel i7-5820K (Haswell) g++-4.8.x 24.86
AMD Ryzen 1700 (Zen) @ 3.168GHz g++-12.3.1 22.43
Snapdragon SQ1 (Cortex-A76 r?p?) (alt^2) clang++-9.0.1 21.13
Apple armv8.4 (Firestorm) (alt^2) apple clang++ 12.0.0 20.83
Intel i5-5257U (Broadwell) @ 3.1 GHz apple clang++ 11.0.3 20.77
Apple armv8.5 (Avalanche) (alt^2) apple clang++-14.0.0 20.52
Snapdragon SQ1 (Cortex-A76 r?p?) (alt^2) clang++-10.0.0 20.07
Broadcom BCM2712 (Cortex-A76 r4p1) (alt^2) clang++-13.0.1 19.71
AWS Graviton2 (Cortex-A76 r3p0) (alt^2) clang++-9.0.1 19.35
Intel i7-1360P (Gracemont) @ 3.691 GHz (alt^2) clang-14.0.6 18.64
Intel i5-5257U (Broadwell) @ 3.1 GHz (alt^2) apple clang++ 11.0.3 18.60
Intel i7-8700 (Coffee Lake) @ 3.19 GHZ (alt^2) clang-13.0 5 17.93
AMD Ryzen 9 7950x (Zen4) @ 4.5 GHz g++-11.2.1 17.55
Intel i5-1035G4 (Ice Lake) (alt^2) clang++-9.0.0 17.26
Intel w9-3475X (Sapphire Rapids) @ 4.80GHz (alt^2) clang-13.0 5 16.65
Intel w9-3475X (Sapphire Rapids) @ 2.21GHz (alt^2) clang-13.0 5 14.95
Intel i7-1360P (Raptor Cove) @ 4.984 (alt^2) clang-14.0.6 14.90
Intel i9-13900k (Raptor Cove) @ full boost (~5.50-5.56 GHZ) clang-13.0 5 14.88
Apple armv8.5 (Avalanche) g++-12.2.0 14.45
NVIDIA Orin (Cortex-A78AE) (alt^2) g++-8.4.0 14.32
Apple armv8.4 (Firestorm) (alt^2) g++-11.0.0 13.92
Apple armv8.5 (Avalanche) g++-13.1.0 13.72

Footnotes

  1. Generic compiler tuning; native tuning does not pose any speed advantage ↩ ↩2

  2. Non-native compiler tuning -march=corei7 ↩

  3. Non-native compiler tuning -mcpu=cortex-a57 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  4. BQ M10 Ubuntu tablet, subject to performance detriments. Power management causes cores to pop in and out of existence, rather than freq scale them. ↩ ↩2

  5. Windows build ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10 ↩11

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