bonzini / qboot Goto Github PK

Minimal x86 firmware for booting Linux kernels

License: GNU General Public License v2.0

C 95.03% Assembly 3.62% Meson 1.35%

qboot's Introduction

A simple x86 firmware that can boot Linux.

Most of QEMU's startup time is spent:

* in the dynamic linker.  This can be reduced by 150 ms simply by
  compiling a stripped down QEMU:

    ./configure --disable-libssh2 --disable-tcmalloc --disable-glusterfs \
        --disable-seccomp --disable-{bzip2,snappy,lzo} --disable-usb-redir \
        --disable-libusb --disable-smartcard-nss --disable-libnfs  \
        --disable-libiscsi --disable-rbd  --disable-spice --disable-attr \
        --disable-cap-ng --disable-linux-aio --disable-brlapi \
        --disable-vnc-{jpeg,tls,sasl,png,ws} --disable-rdma --disable-bluez \
        --disable-fdt --disable-curl --disable-curses --disable-sdl \
        --disable-gtk  --disable-tpm --disable-vte --disable-vnc  \
        --disable-xen --disable-opengl --target-list=x86_64-softmmu

* in the BIOS.  qboot saves another 150 ms.

* until QEMU 2.7+, in fw_cfg.  qboot uses the DMA interface which is pretty
  much instantaneous.

Compile qboot
=============

Clone the source:

    $ git clone https://github.com/bonzini/qboot.git

Compile the qboot firmware (you may need to install the relevant build
time dependancies):

    $ meson build && ninja -C build

The result will be a 64K file named bios.bin under the build/ directory.

Usage
=====

    $ qemu-kvm -bios bios.bin \
      -kernel /boot/vmlinuz-4.0.3-300.fc22.x86_64 \
      -serial mon:stdio -append 'console=ttyS0,115200,8n1'

TODO
====

* Add the possibility to configure out PIC and PCI bridge initialization

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qboot's Issues

PCI mem bar corrupt?

Without the qboot bios I get correct BARs:

sudo qemu-system-x86_64 --enable-kvm --cpu host -kernel IRCd -m 64 -nographic -netdev  tap,id=net0,script=../IncludeOS/etc/to-be-installed/qemu-ifup -device virtio-net,netdev=net0,mac=c0:01:0a:00:00:2a

...
     [ Virtio ] Attaching to  PCI addr 0x18
                [x] Vendor ID is VIRTIO
                [x] Device ID 0x1000 is in a valid range (Virtio LEGACY)
                [x] Device Revision ID (0x0) supported
                
                [ Resource @ BAR 0 ]
                  Address:  0xc000 Size: 0x20
                  Type: IO Resource
                
                [ Resource @ BAR 1 ]
                  Address:  0xfebd1000 Size: 0x1000
                  Type: Memory Resource
                
                [ Resource @ BAR 4 ]
                  Address:  0xfe000000 Size: 0x800000
                  Type: Memory Resource
                
...

With qboot BIOS (only happens on this particular service, not on another):

sudo qemu-system-x86_64 --enable-kvm --cpu host -bios bios.bin -kernel IRCd -m 64 -nographic -netdev  tap,id=net0,script=../IncludeOS/etc/to-be-installed/qemu-ifup -device virtio-net,netdev=net0,mac=c0:01:0a:00:00:2a

                [ Resource @ BAR 0 ]
                  Address:  0x0 Size: 0x20
                  Type: IO Resource
                
                [ Resource @ BAR 4 ]
                  Address:  0x0 Size: 0x800000
                  Type: Memory Resource

Both addresses are zero

bios.bin is 66k due to reloc section

The objcopy -Obinary is leaving a relocation section which makes the resultant binary 66696 bytes long. readelf -a reports:

Section Headers:
  [Nr] Name              Type            Addr     Off    Size   ES Flg Lk Inf Al
...
  [13] .rel.dyn          REL             00100000 007000 000488 08   A  5   0  4

measuring 40ms of guest startup time

Hello,
Do we need to hack qemu code to establish the startup is 40ms? Is there any profiling option in qemu to measure the qemu guest startup time?

This is not an issue, but could not find a good place to ask this question.

Status and PCI related question

Is this project still maintained? I would have post a message to proper emailing list but could not locate one.

I have also come across the NEMU project that mentions using qboot. Will qboot be eventually integrated into NEMU?

I noticed there is still an open issue that prevents it from compiling thought it is easily fixable by applying proper changes to makefile.

Also I have been trying to use qboot to speedup boot on OSv unikernel on QEMU with qboot. I am encountering some PCI related issues that prevent me booting OSv with virtio-block or virtio-net devices. I only managed to boot OSv with ramfs with following setup:

qemu-system-x86_64 -m 2G -smp 1 -nographic
-bios ../qboot/bios.bin
-kernel kernel.elf
-enable-kvm -cpu host,+x2apic
-append "--console=serial /hello"
-gdb tcp::1234,server,nowait
-chardev stdio,mux=on,id=stdio,signal=off
-mon chardev=stdio,mode=readline
-device isa-serial,chardev=stdio

Once I add either block or networking device OSv fails to find the bar with index 2:

-device virtio-blk-pci,id=blk0,drive=hd0,scsi=off
-drive file=usr.img,if=none,id=hd0,cache=none,aio=threads

Question: can this be used as a bios on a x86 machine direcly

Hi may I ask a question, can qboot be used on x86 machine directly, I feel like cannot, because there is a function fw_cfg_setup and this function calls some qemu features.

And could someone explain what's the fw_cfg_setup used for?

Feature request: linuxboot using kernel boot protocol

Should avoid unnecessary transition back into 16b mode and generally make execution time faster.

qemu build command line doesn't work with qemu-3.0.0

Some of the options have gone away. This worked for me:

/configure \
  --disable-libssh2 \
  --disable-tcmalloc \
  --disable-glusterfs \
  --disable-seccomp \
  --disable-{bzip2,snappy,lzo} \
  --disable-usb-redir \
  --disable-libusb \
  --disable-libnfs \
  --disable-libiscsi \
  --disable-rbd  \
  --disable-spice \
  --disable-attr \
  --disable-cap-ng \
  --disable-linux-aio \
  --disable-uuid \
  --disable-brlapi \
  --disable-vnc-{jpeg,sasl,png} \
  --disable-rdma \
  --disable-bluez \
  --disable-fdt \
  --disable-curl \
  --disable-curses \
  --disable-sdl \
  --disable-gtk  \
  --disable-tpm \
  --disable-vte \
  --disable-vnc \
  --disable-xen \
  --disable-opengl \
  --target-list=x86_64-softmmu

It does complain that --disable-uuid is no longer effective.

inconsistent operand constraints in an 'asm'

I'm getting this error:

cc -O2 -g -MMD -MF .deps/cc-.-main.d -Wall -m32 -march=i386 -mregparm=3 -fno-stack-protector -fno-delete-null-pointer-checks -ffreestanding -Iinclude -c -s main.c -o main.o
main.c: In function 'main':
include/ioport.h:11: error: inconsistent operand constraints in an 'asm'
include/ioport.h:11: error: inconsistent operand constraints in an 'asm'
include/ioport.h:11: error: inconsistent operand constraints in an 'asm'
make: *** [main.o] Error 1

I'm using GCC 4.2.1.

meson build fails on ubuntu 18.04

% meson build
The Meson build system
Version: 0.45.1
Source dir: /home/hudson/build/clean-qboot
Build dir: /home/hudson/build/clean-qboot/build
Build type: native build
Project name: qboot
Native C compiler: ccache cc (gcc 7.5.0 "cc (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04) 7.5.0")
Build machine cpu family: x86_64
Build machine cpu: x86_64
Program objcopy found: YES (/usr/bin/objcopy)

meson.build:19:0: ERROR: Unknown method "get_supported_link_arguments" in object.

A full log can be found at /home/hudson/clean-qboot/build/meson-logs/meson-log.txt

reserved identifier violation

I would like to point out that identifiers like "_IOPORT_H" and "_PCI_H" do not fit to the expected naming convention of the C language standard.
Would you like to adjust your selection for unique names?

eep! wont build.

missing a table?
main.o: In function main': /home/me/Desktop/code/qboot/main.c:82: undefined reference toGLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE'
code16.o: In function e820_query_map': /home/me/Desktop/code/qboot/code16.c:45: undefined reference toGLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE'
printf.o: In function print_str': /home/me/Desktop/code/qboot/printf.c:36: undefined reference toGLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE'
printf.o: In function print_int': /home/me/Desktop/code/qboot/printf.c:64: undefined reference toGLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE'
printf.o: In function print_unsigned': /home/me/Desktop/code/qboot/printf.c:99: undefined reference toGLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE'
printf.o:/home/me/Desktop/code/qboot/printf.c:141: more undefined references to `GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE' follow

using pflash cbfs.rom

When I tried to follow the commands in the readme to use cbfs, I get the following error

qemu-system-x86_64: -drive if=pflash,file=cbfs.rom,readonly=on: oversized backing file, pflash segments cannot be mapped under 00000000ff800000

Running on IncludeOS

I really like this idea of custom simpler BIOS!
However, when running it with my 1.4mb IRCd image, I just get:

qemu-system-x86_64 --enable-kvm -kernel IRCd -device virtio-net,netdev=net0,mac=c0:01:0a:00:00:2a -netdev tap,id=net0,script=/home/gonzo/IncludeOS_install/etc/qemu-ifup -nographic -smp 1,sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1 -m 128 -cpu host -k en-us -realtime mlock=off -rtc base=utc,driftfix=slew -global kvm-pit.lost_tick_policy=discard -no-hpet -bios bios.bin
dma: command 8 not supported

The image is 32-bit. That might be the reason?

My IRC server repo is here: https://github.com/fwsGonzo/IRCd

For convenience here are the images:
http://fwsnet.net/kernels/IRCd http://fwsnet.net/kernels/IRCd.img (with #bootloader)

The image I posted don't have any DMA code at all. 0x8 is DMA write, I think. We have a bootloader we can attach (second image) which loads the kernel with PIO.

Build dependencies

To build on Fedora the glibc-devel.i686 package was required to provide <gnu/stubs-32.h>.

virtio block device causes kernel hang during startup

Booting a minimal kernel config with qboot and an attached virtio drive causes a kernel hang somewhere in the startup. This was run as:

qemu-3.0.0/x86_64-softmmu/qemu-system-x86_64 \
 --machine pc \
 --drive file=disk.img,format=raw,if=virtio \
 --device virtio-net,netdev=net0 \
 --kernel vmlinux-tiny \
 --initrd initrd-tiny \
 --bios qboot/bios.bin \

The problem appears with qemu-2.7 and with accel=kvm as well.

The dmesg output compared to SeaBIOS looks like an interrupt or PCI configuration issue:

--- seabios.txt	2018-10-31 18:09:07.935999826 -0400
+++ qboot.txt	2018-10-31 18:09:11.991999825 -0400
@@ -4,60 +4,52 @@
  e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
  BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009fbff] usable
  BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000000009fc00-0x000000000009ffff] reserved
+ BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000d0000-0x00000000000effff] ACPI NVS
  BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000f0000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved
- BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x0000000007fddfff] usable
- BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000007fde000-0x0000000007ffffff] reserved
- BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fffc0000-0x00000000ffffffff] reserved
+ BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x0000000007ffffff] usable
  bootconsole [earlyser0] enabled
  NX (Execute Disable) protection: active
  tsc: Fast TSC calibration using PIT
  e820: update [mem 0x00000000-0x00000fff] usable ==> reserved
  e820: remove [mem 0x000a0000-0x000fffff] usable
- e820: last_pfn = 0x7fde max_arch_pfn = 0x400000000
+ e820: last_pfn = 0x8000 max_arch_pfn = 0x400000000
  x86/PAT: Configuration [0-7]: WB  WT  UC- UC  WB  WT  UC- UC  
- found SMP MP-table at [mem 0x000f5930-0x000f593f] mapped at [ffffffffff200930]
  Base memory trampoline at [ffff880000099000] 99000 size 24576
  BRK [0x01b2e000, 0x01b2efff] PGTABLE
  BRK [0x01b2f000, 0x01b2ffff] PGTABLE
  BRK [0x01b30000, 0x01b30fff] PGTABLE
- BRK [0x01b31000, 0x01b31fff] PGTABLE
- RAMDISK: [mem 0x07a92000-0x07fcffff]
+ RAMDISK: [mem 0x07ac2000-0x07ffffff]
  Zone ranges:
-   DMA32    [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x0000000007fddfff]
+   DMA32    [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x0000000007ffffff]
    Normal   empty
  Movable zone start for each node
  Early memory node ranges
    node   0: [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x000000000009efff]
-   node   0: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x0000000007fddfff]
- Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x0000000007fddfff]
- On node 0 totalpages: 32636
+   node   0: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x0000000007ffffff]
+ Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x0000000007ffffff]
+ On node 0 totalpages: 32670
    DMA32 zone: 448 pages used for memmap
    DMA32 zone: 21 pages reserved
-   DMA32 zone: 32636 pages, LIFO batch:7
- Intel MultiProcessor Specification v1.4
- MPTABLE: OEM ID: BOCHSCPU
- MPTABLE: Product ID: 0.1         
- MPTABLE: APIC at: 0xFEE00000
- Processor #0 (Bootup-CPU)
- IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 0, version 32, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23
- Processors: 1
- e820: [mem 0x08000000-0xfffbffff] available for PCI devices
+   DMA32 zone: 32670 pages, LIFO batch:7
+ e820: [mem 0x08000000-0xffffffff] available for PCI devices
  clocksource: refined-jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
  random: get_random_bytes called from 0xffffffff81a69a17 with crng_init=0
  pcpu-alloc: s0 r0 d32768 u32768 alloc=1*32768
  pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 
- Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 32167
+ Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 32201
  Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,57600 earlyprintk=ttyS0 console=ttyS0 debug
  PID hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
  Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
  Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
- Memory: 111292K/130544K available (6152K kernel code, 413K rwdata, 456K rodata, 516K init, 272K bss, 19252K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
- NR_IRQS: 4352, nr_irqs: 48, preallocated irqs: 16
+ Memory: 111424K/130680K available (6152K kernel code, 413K rwdata, 456K rodata, 516K init, 272K bss, 19256K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
+ NR_IRQS: 4352, nr_irqs: 24, preallocated irqs: 16
  console [ttyS0] enabled
+ console [ttyS0] enabled
+ bootconsole [earlyser0] disabled
  bootconsole [earlyser0] disabled
  tsc: Fast TSC calibration using PIT
- tsc: Detected 2807.907 MHz processor
- Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 5615.81 BogoMIPS (lpj=28079070)
+ tsc: Detected 2807.903 MHz processor
+ Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 5615.80 BogoMIPS (lpj=28079030)
  pid_max: default: 4096 minimum: 301
  Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
  Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
@@ -67,7 +59,7 @@
  Spectre V2 : Spectre mitigation: kernel not compiled with retpoline; no mitigation available!
  Speculative Store Bypass: Vulnerable
  Performance Events: PMU not available due to virtualization, using software events only.
- ..TIMER: vector=0x30 apic1=0 pin1=2 apic2=-1 pin2=-1
+ Not enabling interrupt remapping due to skipped IO-APIC setup
  devtmpfs: initialized
  clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
  futex hash table entries: 16 (order: -4, 384 bytes)
@@ -87,7 +79,7 @@
  pci 0000:00:00.0: [8086:1237] type 00 class 0x060000
  pci 0000:00:01.0: [8086:7000] type 00 class 0x060100
  pci 0000:00:01.1: [8086:7010] type 00 class 0x010180
- pci 0000:00:01.1: reg 0x20: [io  0xc060-0xc06f]
+ pci 0000:00:01.1: reg 0x20: [io  0x0000-0x000f]
  pci 0000:00:01.1: legacy IDE quirk: reg 0x10: [io  0x01f0-0x01f7]
  pci 0000:00:01.1: legacy IDE quirk: reg 0x14: [io  0x03f6]
  pci 0000:00:01.1: legacy IDE quirk: reg 0x18: [io  0x0170-0x0177]
@@ -96,26 +88,34 @@
  pci 0000:00:01.3: quirk: [io  0x0600-0x063f] claimed by PIIX4 ACPI
  pci 0000:00:01.3: quirk: [io  0x0700-0x070f] claimed by PIIX4 SMB
  pci 0000:00:02.0: [1234:1111] type 00 class 0x030000
- pci 0000:00:02.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0xfd000000-0xfdffffff pref]
- pci 0000:00:02.0: reg 0x18: [mem 0xfebd0000-0xfebd0fff]
- pci 0000:00:02.0: reg 0x30: [mem 0xfebc0000-0xfebcffff pref]
- pci 0000:00:02.0: vgaarb: setting as boot VGA device
- pci 0000:00:02.0: vgaarb: VGA device added: decodes=io+mem,owns=io+mem,locks=none
+ pci 0000:00:02.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x00000000-0x00ffffff pref]
+ pci 0000:00:02.0: reg 0x18: [mem 0x00000000-0x00000fff]
+ pci 0000:00:02.0: reg 0x30: [mem 0x00000000-0x0000ffff pref]
+ pci 0000:00:02.0: vgaarb: VGA device added: decodes=io+mem,owns=none,locks=none
  pci 0000:00:03.0: [1af4:1000] type 00 class 0x020000
- pci 0000:00:03.0: reg 0x10: [io  0xc040-0xc05f]
- pci 0000:00:03.0: reg 0x14: [mem 0xfebd1000-0xfebd1fff]
- pci 0000:00:03.0: reg 0x20: [mem 0xfe000000-0xfe003fff 64bit pref]
- pci 0000:00:03.0: reg 0x30: [mem 0xfeb80000-0xfebbffff pref]
+ pci 0000:00:03.0: reg 0x10: [io  0x0000-0x001f]
+ pci 0000:00:03.0: reg 0x14: [mem 0x00000000-0x00000fff]
+ pci 0000:00:03.0: reg 0x20: [mem 0x00000000-0x00003fff 64bit pref]
+ pci 0000:00:03.0: reg 0x30: [mem 0x00000000-0x0003ffff pref]
  pci 0000:00:04.0: [1af4:1001] type 00 class 0x010000
- pci 0000:00:04.0: reg 0x10: [io  0xc000-0xc03f]
- pci 0000:00:04.0: reg 0x14: [mem 0xfebd2000-0xfebd2fff]
- pci 0000:00:04.0: reg 0x20: [mem 0xfe004000-0xfe007fff 64bit pref]
+ pci 0000:00:04.0: reg 0x10: [io  0x0000-0x003f]
+ pci 0000:00:04.0: reg 0x14: [mem 0x00000000-0x00000fff]
+ pci 0000:00:04.0: reg 0x20: [mem 0x00000000-0x00003fff 64bit pref]
  pci_bus 0000:00: busn_res: [bus 00-ff] end is updated to 00
- pci 0000:00:01.0: PIIX/ICH IRQ router [8086:7000]
  PCI: pci_cache_line_size set to 64 bytes
  e820: reserve RAM buffer [mem 0x0009fc00-0x0009ffff]
- e820: reserve RAM buffer [mem 0x07fde000-0x07ffffff]
  clocksource: Switched to clocksource refined-jiffies
+ pci 0000:00:02.0: BAR 0: assigned [mem 0x08000000-0x08ffffff pref]
+ pci 0000:00:03.0: BAR 6: assigned [mem 0x09000000-0x0903ffff pref]
+ pci 0000:00:02.0: BAR 6: assigned [mem 0x09040000-0x0904ffff pref]
+ pci 0000:00:03.0: BAR 4: assigned [mem 0x100000000-0x100003fff 64bit pref]
+ pci 0000:00:04.0: BAR 4: assigned [mem 0x100004000-0x100007fff 64bit pref]
+ pci 0000:00:02.0: BAR 2: assigned [mem 0x09050000-0x09050fff]
+ pci 0000:00:03.0: BAR 1: assigned [mem 0x09051000-0x09051fff]
+ pci 0000:00:04.0: BAR 1: assigned [mem 0x09052000-0x09052fff]
+ pci 0000:00:04.0: BAR 0: assigned [io  0x1000-0x103f]
+ pci 0000:00:03.0: BAR 0: assigned [io  0x1040-0x105f]
+ pci 0000:00:01.1: BAR 4: assigned [io  0x1060-0x106f]
  pci_bus 0000:00: resource 4 [io  0x0000-0xffff]
  pci_bus 0000:00: resource 5 [mem 0x00000000-0xffffffffff]
  NET: Registered protocol family 2
@@ -128,7 +128,6 @@
  pci 0000:00:00.0: Limiting direct PCI/PCI transfers
  pci 0000:00:01.0: PIIX3: Enabling Passive Release
  pci 0000:00:01.0: Activating ISA DMA hang workarounds
- pci 0000:00:02.0: Video device with shadowed ROM at [mem 0x000c0000-0x000dffff]
  PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 64
  Unpacking initramfs...
  Freeing initrd memory: 5368K
@@ -140,25 +139,9 @@
  io scheduler cfq registered (default)
  io scheduler mq-deadline registered
  io scheduler kyber registered
- virtio-pci 0000:00:03.0: PCI->APIC IRQ transform: INT A -> IRQ 11
- virtio-pci 0000:00:04.0: PCI->APIC IRQ transform: INT A -> IRQ 11
+ virtio-pci 0000:00:03.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0003)
+ virtio-pci 0000:00:04.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0003)
  Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
  serial8250: ttyS0 at I/O 0x3f8 (irq = 4, base_baud = 115200) is a 16550A

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