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Given an array arr[] of N non-negative integers representing height of blocks at index i as Ai where the width of each block is 1. Compute how much water can be trapped in between blocks after raining.
Structure is like below:
| |
|_|
We can trap 2 units of water in the middle gap.

Input:
The first line of input contains an integer T denoting the number of test cases. The description of T test cases follows. Each test case contains an integer N denoting the size of the array, followed by N space separated numbers to be stored in array.

Output:
Output the total unit of water trapped in between the blocks.

Constraints:
1 <= T <= 100
3 <= N <= 107
0 <= Ai <= 108

Example:
Input:
2
4
7 4 0 9
3
6 9 9

Output:
10
0

Explanation:
Testcase 1: Water trapped by block of height 4 is 3 units, block of height 0 is 7 units. So, total unit of water trapped is 10 units.

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Given an array of integers. Complete the partition() function used for the implementation of Quick Sort.

Example 1:

Input: N = 5, arr[] = { 4, 1, 3, 9, 7}
Output: 1 3 4 7 9
Example 2:

Input: N = 10,
arr[] = {10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1}
Output: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Expected Time Complexity: O(N).
Expected Auxiliary Space: O(1).

Constraints:
1 <= N <= 103
1 <= arr[i] <= 104

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Given two sorted arrays arr1[] of size N and arr2[] of size M. Each array is sorted in non-decreasing order. Merge the two arrays into one sorted array in non-decreasing order without using any extra space.

Example 1:

Input:
N = 4, M = 5
arr1[] = {1, 3, 5, 7}
arr2[] = {0, 2, 6, 8, 9}
Output: 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9
Explanation: Since you can't use any
extra space, modify the given arrays
to form
arr1[] = {0, 1, 2, 3}
arr2[] = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9}

Example 2:

Input:
N = 2, M = 3
arr1[] = {10, 12}
arr2[] = {5, 18, 20}
Output: 5 10 12 18 20

Explanation: Since you can't use any
extra space, modify the given arrays
to form
arr1[] = {5, 10}
arr2[] = {12, 18, 20}

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