goose is a database migration tool.
You can manage your database's evolution by creating incremental SQL or Go scripts.
This repo is a fork from https://bitbucket.org/liamstask/goose. There are many things that we plan to change, mostly to make the tool easier to use, and more standardized.
As such, until this notice goes away, vendoring is highly recommended.
$ go get github.com/CloudCom/goose/cmd/goose
This will install the goose binary to your $GOPATH/bin directory.
You can also build goose into your own applications by importing github.com/CloudCom/goose/lib/goose. Documentation is available at godoc.org.
NOTE: the API is still new, and may undergo some changes.
The default goose binary includes support for all available drivers. Sometimes this results in a lengthy build process. Drivers may be omitted from the build by using build tags.
For example
$ go get -tags nosqlite3 github.com/CloudCom/goose/cmd/goose
The available tags are:
nomymysqlnomysqlnopqnosqlite3
goose provides several commands to help manage your database schema.
Create a new SQL migration.
$ goose create AddSomeColumns
$ goose: created db/migrations/20130106093224_AddSomeColumns.sql
Edit the newly created script to define the behavior of your migration.
You can also create a Go migration:
$ goose create -type go AddSomeColumns
$ goose: created db/migrations/20130106093224_AddSomeColumns.go
Apply all available migrations.
$ goose up
$ goose: migrating db environment 'development', current version: 0, target: 3
$ OK 001_basics.sql
$ OK 002_next.sql
$ OK 003_and_again.go
Use the pgschema flag with the up command specify a postgres schema.
$ goose -pgschema=my_schema_name up
$ goose: migrating db environment 'development', current version: 0, target: 3
$ OK 001_basics.sql
$ OK 002_next.sql
$ OK 003_and_again.go
Roll back a single migration from the current version.
$ goose down
$ goose: migrating db environment 'development', current version: 3, target: 2
$ OK 003_and_again.go
Roll back the most recently applied migration, then run it again.
$ goose redo
$ goose: migrating db environment 'development', current version: 3, target: 2
$ OK 003_and_again.go
$ goose: migrating db environment 'development', current version: 2, target: 3
$ OK 003_and_again.go
Print the status of all migrations:
$ goose status
$ goose: status for environment 'development'
$ Applied At Migration
$ =======================================
$ Sun Jan 6 11:25:03 2013 -- 001_basics.sql
$ Sun Jan 6 11:25:03 2013 -- 002_next.sql
$ Pending -- 003_and_again.go
Print the current version of the database:
$ goose dbversion
$ goose: dbversion 002
goose -h provides more detailed info on each command.
goose supports migrations written in SQL or in Go - see the goose create command above for details on how to generate them.
A sample SQL migration looks like:
-- +goose Up
CREATE TABLE post (
id int NOT NULL,
title text,
body text,
PRIMARY KEY(id)
);
-- +goose Down
DROP TABLE post;Notice the annotations in the comments. Any statements following -- +goose Up will be executed as part of a forward migration, and any statements following -- +goose Down will be executed as part of a rollback.
By default, SQL statements are delimited by semicolons - in fact, query statements must end with a semicolon to be properly recognized by goose.
More complex statements (PL/pgSQL) that have semicolons within them must be annotated with -- +goose StatementBegin and -- +goose StatementEnd to be properly recognized. For example:
-- +goose Up
-- +goose StatementBegin
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION histories_partition_creation( DATE, DATE )
returns void AS $$
DECLARE
create_query text;
BEGIN
FOR create_query IN SELECT
'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS histories_'
|| TO_CHAR( d, 'YYYY_MM' )
|| ' ( CHECK( created_at >= timestamp '''
|| TO_CHAR( d, 'YYYY-MM-DD 00:00:00' )
|| ''' AND created_at < timestamp '''
|| TO_CHAR( d + INTERVAL '1 month', 'YYYY-MM-DD 00:00:00' )
|| ''' ) ) inherits ( histories );'
FROM generate_series( $1, $2, '1 month' ) AS d
LOOP
EXECUTE create_query;
END LOOP; -- LOOP END
END; -- FUNCTION END
$$
language plpgsql;
-- +goose StatementEndA sample Go migration looks like:
package main
import (
"database/sql"
"fmt"
)
func Up_20130106222315(txn *sql.Tx) {
fmt.Println("Hello from migration 20130106222315 Up!")
}
func Down_20130106222315(txn *sql.Tx) {
fmt.Println("Hello from migration 20130106222315 Down!")
}Up_20130106222315() will be executed as part of a forward migration, and Down_20130106222315() will be executed as part of a rollback.
The numeric portion of the function name (20130106222315) must be the leading portion of migration's filename, such as 20130106222315_descriptive_name.go. goose create does this by default.
A transaction is provided, rather than the DB instance directly, since goose also needs to record the schema version within the same transaction. Each migration should run as a single transaction to ensure DB integrity, so it's good practice anyway.
goose expects you to maintain a folder (typically called "db"), which contains the following:
- a
dbconf.yamlfile that describes the database configurations you'd like to use - a folder called "migrations" which contains
.sqland/or.goscripts that implement your migrations
You may use the -path option to specify an alternate location for the folder containing your config and migrations.
A sample dbconf.yml looks like
development:
driver: postgres
open: user=liam dbname=tester sslmode=disableHere, development specifies the name of the environment, and the driver and open elements are passed directly to database/sql to access the specified database.
You may include as many environments as you like, and you can use the -env command line option to specify which one to use. goose defaults to using an environment called development.
The configuration may also be environment-less, with all fields at the top level. For example:
driver: postgres
open: user=liam dbname=tester sslmode=disableYou can even use a mixture of both. If a field is not specified within an environment, goose will fall back to looking at the top level.
You may also include environment variables in any field of the config. Specify them as $MY_ENV_VAR or ${MY_ENV_VAR}.
Goose can also run without a config file, by pulling all parameters from environment variables. This mode operates exactly as if you passed the following config file:
migrationsDir: $DB_MIGRATIONS_DIR
driver: $DB_DRIVER
import: $DB_DRIVER_IMPORT
dialect: $DB_DIALECT
open: $DB_DSNgoose knows about some common SQL drivers, but it can still be used to run Go-based migrations with any driver supported by database/sql. An import path and known dialect are required.
Currently, available dialects are: "postgres", "mysql", "sqlite3", and "redshift"
To run Go-based migrations with another driver, specify its import path and dialect, as shown below.
myenv:
driver: custom
open: custom open string
import: github.com/custom/driver
dialect: mysqlNOTE: Because migrations written in SQL are executed directly by the goose binary, only drivers compiled into goose may be used for these migrations.
These instructions assume that you're using Keith Rarick's Heroku Go buildpack. First, add a file to your project called (e.g.) install_goose.go to trigger building of the goose executable during deployment, with these contents:
// use build constraints to work around http://code.google.com/p/go/issues/detail?id=4210
// +build heroku
// note: need at least one blank line after build constraint
package main
import _ "github.com/CloudCom/goose/cmd/goose"Set up your Heroku database(s) as usual.
Then make use of environment variable expansion in your dbconf.yml:
production:
driver: postgres
open: $DATABASE_URLTo run goose in production, use heroku run:
heroku run goose -env production up
Thank you!
- Josh Bleecher Snyder (josharian)
- Abigail Walthall (ghthor)
- Daniel Heath (danielrheath)
- Chris Baynes (chris_baynes)
- Michael Gerow (gerow)
- Vytautas Šaltenis (rtfb)
- James Cooper (coopernurse)
- Gyepi Sam (gyepisam)
- Matt Sherman (clipperhouse)
- runner_mei
- John Luebs (jkl1337)
- Luke Hutton (lukehutton)
- Kevin Gorjan (kevingorjan)
- Brendan Fosberry (Fozz)
- Nate Guerin (gusennan)
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