danmx / chisel

Chisel

Chisel is a software tool for carving and cutting Debian packages!

It is built on the idea of package slices - minimal, complimentary and loosely coupled sets of files, based on the package’s metadata and content. Slices are basically subsets of the Debian packages, with their own content and set of dependencies to other internal and external slices.

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This image depicts a simple case, where both packages A and B are deconstructed into multiple slices. At a package level, B depends on A, but in reality, there might be files in A that B doesn’t actually need (eg. A_slice3 isn’t needed for B to function properly). With this slice definition in place, Chisel is able to extract a highly-customized and specialized Slice of the Ubuntu distribution, which one could see as a block of stone from which we can carve and extract small and relevant parts we need to run our applications. It is ideal to support the creation of smaller but equally functional container images.

“The sculpture is already complete within the marble block, before I start my work. It is already there, I just have to chisel away the superfluous material.”

- Michelangelo

In the end, it’s like having a slice of Ubuntu - get just what you need. You can have your cake and eat it too!

Using Chisel

To install the latest version of Chisel, run the following command:

go install github.com/canonical/chisel/cmd/chisel@latest

Chisel is invoked using chisel <command>. To get more information:

• To see a help summary, type chisel -h.
• To see a short description of all commands, type chisel help --all.
• To see details for one command, type chisel help <command> or chisel <command> -h.

Example command

Chisel relies on a database of slices that are indexed per Ubuntu release.

chisel cut --release ubuntu-22.04 --root myrootfs/ libgcc-s1_libs libssl3_libs

In this example, Chisel would look into the Ubuntu Jammy archives, fetch the provided packages and install only the desired slices into the myrootfs folder, according to the slice definitions available in the "ubuntu-22.04" chisel-releases branch.

Reference

Chisel releases

As mentioned above, Chisel relies on package slices. These slices need to be defined prior to the execution of the chisel command.

By default, Chisel will look into its central chisel-releases database, where package slices are defined and indexed by Ubuntu release. A release is identified by the branch name. For example:

chisel cut --release ubuntu-22.10 ...

will tell Chisel to look for a chisel.yaml file in the "ubuntu-22.10" branch of the chisel-releases repository. This file will in turn instruct Chisel to fetch the requested package slices, as defined in the same branch, from the corresponding Kinetic release in the Ubuntu archives.

Alternatively, one can also point Chisel to a custom and local Chisel release by specifying a path instead of a branch name. For example:

chisel cut --release release/ ...

Chisel release configuration

Each Chisel release must have one "chisel.yaml" file.

chisel.yaml:

format: <chiselReleaseFormat>

archives:
    ubuntu:
        # Ubuntu archive for Chisel to look into
        version: <ubuntuRelease>

        # categories/components of the Ubuntu archive to look into
        components: [<componentName>, ...]

        # pockets/suites of the Ubuntu archive to look into
        suites: [<pocket>, ...]

Example:

format: v1

archives:
    ubuntu:
        version: 22.04
        components: [main, universe]
        suites: [jammy, jammy-security, jammy-updates]
        public-keys: [ubuntu-archive-key-2018]

public-keys:
    # Ubuntu Archive Automatic Signing Key (2018) <[email protected]>
    # rsa4096/f6ecb3762474eda9d21b7022871920d1991bc93c 2018-09-17T15:01:46Z
    ubuntu-archive-key-2018:
        id: "871920D1991BC93C"
        armor: |
            -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

            mQINBFufwdoBEADv/Gxytx/LcSXYuM0MwKojbBye81s0G1nEx+lz6VAUpIUZnbkq
            dXBHC+dwrGS/CeeLuAjPRLU8AoxE/jjvZVp8xFGEWHYdklqXGZ/gJfP5d3fIUBtZ
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            uOgcXny1UlwtCUzlrSaP
            =9AdM
            -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

Slice definitions

There can be only one slice definitions file for each Ubuntu package, per Chisel release. All of the slice definitions files must be placed under a "slices" folder, and follow the same structure. For example:

slices/B.yaml:

# (req) Name of the package.
# The slice definition file should be named accordingly (eg. "openssl.yaml")

package: B

# (req) List of slices
slices:

    # (req) Name of the slice
    slice2:

        # (opt) Optional list of slices that this slice depends on
        essential:
          - A_slice1

        # (req) The list of files, from the package, that this slice will install
        contents:
            /path/to/content:
            /path/to/another/multiple*/content/**:
            /path/to/moved/content: {copy: /bin/original}
            /path/to/link: {symlink: /bin/mybin}
            /path/to/new/dir: {make: true}
            /path/to/file/with/text: {text: "Some text"}
            /path/to/mutable/file/with/default/text: {text: FIXME, mutable: true}
            /path/to/temporary/content: {until: mutate}

        # (opt) Mutation scripts, to allow for the reproduction of maintainer scripts,
        # based on Starlark (https://github.com/google/starlark-go)
        mutate: |
            foo = content.read("/path/to/temporary/content")
            content.write("/path/to/mutable/file/with/default/text", foo)

Example:

package: mypkg

slices:
    bins:
        essential:
            - mypkg_config

        contents:
            /bin/mybin:
            /bin/moved:  {copy: /bin/original}
            /bin/linked: {symlink: /bin/mybin}

    config:
        contents:
            /etc/mypkg.conf: {text: "The configuration."}
            /etc/mypkg.d/:   {make: true}

To find more examples of real slice definitions files (and contribute your own), please go to https://github.com/canonical/chisel-releases.

Path kinds

As depicted in the example above, the paths listed under a slice's contents can have additional information for identifying the kind of content to expect:

• make: a true or false boolean value to specify whether the path must be created or not. Example: /etc/mypkg.d/: {make: true} instructs Chisel to create the directory "/etc/mypkg.d/" (with parent directories). NOTE: the provided path must end with "/" for make to be valid.
• mode: a 32-bit unsigned integer representing the path mode. Example: /etc/dir/sub/: {make: true, mode: 01777} instructs Chisel to create the directory "/etc/dir/sub/" with mode "01777".
• copy: a string referring to the original path of the content being copied. Example: /bin/moved: {copy: /bin/original} instructs Chisel to copy the package's "/bin/original" file onto "/bin/moved".
• text: a sequence of characters to be written to the provided file path. Example: /tmp/file1: {text: data1} will instruct Chisel to write "data1" into the file "/tmp/file1".
• symlink: a string referring to the original path (source) of the content being linked. Example: /bin/linked: {symlink: /bin/mybin} will instruct Chisel to create the symlink "/bin/linked", which points to an existing file "/bin/mybin".
• mutable: a true or false boolean value to specify whether the content is mutable, i.e. it can be changed after being extracted from the deb. Example: /tmp/file1: {text: data1, mutable: true} instructs Chisel to populate "/tmp/file1" with "data1", while also letting Chisel know that this file's content can be mutated via a mutation script.
• until: accepts a mutate value to say that the specified content shall be removed by Chisel after the mutation scripts are executed. Example: /tmp/file1: {text: data1, until: mutate} instructs Chisel to populate the file "/tmp/file1" with "data1" at installation time, but to then remove it right after the slice's mutation scripts are executed. NOTE: while this option can be combined with globs (eg. /tmp/file*: {until: mutate}), it cannot be used to remove non-empty directories.
• arch: accepts a list of known architectures for identifying contents which are only available for certain architectures. Example: /usr/bin/hello: {arch: amd64} will instruct Chisel to extract and install the "/usr/bin/hello" file only when chiselling an amd64 filesystem.

TODO

• Preserve ownerships when possible
• GPG signature checking for archives
• Use a fake server for the archive tests
• Functional tests

FAQ

May I use arbitrary package names?

No, package names must reflect the package names in the archive, so that there's a single namespace to remember and respect.

I've tried to use a different Ubuntu version and it failed?

The mapping is manual for now. Let us know and we'll fix it.

Can I use multiple repositories in a Chisel release?

Not at the moment, but maybe eventually.

Can I use non-Ubuntu repositories?

Not at the moment, but eventually.

Can multiple slices refer to the same path?

Yes, but see below.

Can multiple slices output the same path?

Yes, as long as either both slices are part of the same package, or the path is not extracted from a package at all (not copied) and the explicit inline definitions match exactly.

Is file ownership preserved?

Not right now, but it will be supported.