dimfeld / devalue

Gets the job done when JSON.stringify can't

devalue

This fork is the devalue package built as an IIFE for use inside Ergo.

Like JSON.stringify, but handles

• cyclical references (obj.self = obj)
• repeated references ([value, value])
• undefined, Infinity, NaN, -0
• regular expressions
• dates
• Map and Set
• BigInt

Try it out here.

Goals:

• Performance
• Security (see XSS mitigation)
• Compact output

Non-goals:

• Human-readable output
• Stringifying functions or non-POJOs

Usage

There are two ways to use devalue:

uneval

This function takes a JavaScript value and returns the JavaScript code to create an equivalent value — sort of like eval in reverse:

import * as devalue from 'devalue';

let obj = { message: 'hello' };
devalue.uneval(obj); // '{message:"hello"}'

obj.self = obj;
devalue.uneval(obj); // '(function(a){a.message="hello";a.self=a;return a}({}))'

Use uneval when you want the most compact possible output and don't want to include any code for parsing the serialized value.

stringify and parse

These two functions are analogous to JSON.stringify and JSON.parse:

import * as devalue from 'devalue';

let obj = { message: 'hello' };

let stringified = devalue.stringify(obj); // '[{"message":1},"hello"]'
devalue.parse(stringified); // { message: 'hello' }

obj.self = obj;

stringified = devalue.stringify(obj); // '[{"message":1,"self":0},"hello"]'
devalue.parse(stringified); // { message: 'hello', self: [Circular] }

Use stringify and parse when evaluating JavaScript isn't an option.

unflatten

In the case where devalued data is one part of a larger JSON string, unflatten allows you to revive just the bit you need:

import * as devalue from 'devalue';

const json = `{
  "type": "data",
  "data": ${devalue.stringify(data)}
}`;

const data = devalue.unflatten(JSON.parse(json).data);

Error handling

If uneval or stringify encounters a function or a non-POJO, it will throw an error. You can find where in the input data the offending value lives by inspecting error.path:

try {
	const map = new Map();
	map.set('key', function invalid() {});

	uneval({
		object: {
			array: [map]
		}
	});
} catch (e) {
	console.log(e.path); // '.object.array[0].get("key")'
}

XSS mitigation

Say you're server-rendering a page and want to serialize some state, which could include user input. JSON.stringify doesn't protect against XSS attacks:

const state = {
	userinput: `</script><script src='https://evil.com/mwahaha.js'>`
};

const template = `
<script>
  // NEVER DO THIS
  var preloaded = ${JSON.stringify(state)};
</script>`;

Which would result in this:

<script>
	// NEVER DO THIS
	var preloaded = {"userinput":"
</script>
<script src="https://evil.com/mwahaha.js">
	"};
</script>

Using uneval or stringify, we're protected against that attack:

const template = `
<script>
  var preloaded = ${uneval(state)};
</script>`;

<script>
	var preloaded = {
		userinput:
			"\\u003C\\u002Fscript\\u003E\\u003Cscript src='https:\\u002F\\u002Fevil.com\\u002Fmwahaha.js'\\u003E"
	};
</script>

This, along with the fact that uneval and stringify bail on functions and non-POJOs, stops attackers from executing arbitrary code. Strings generated by uneval can be safely deserialized with eval or new Function:

const value = (0, eval)('(' + str + ')');

Other security considerations

While uneval prevents the XSS vulnerability shown above, meaning you can use it to send data from server to client, you should not send user data from client to server using the same method. Since it has to be evaluated, an attacker that successfully submitted data that bypassed uneval would have access to your system.

When using eval, ensure that you call it indirectly so that the evaluated code doesn't have access to the surrounding scope:

{
	const sensitiveData = 'Setec Astronomy';
	eval('sendToEvilServer(sensitiveData)'); // pwned :(
	(0, eval)('sendToEvilServer(sensitiveData)'); // nice try, evildoer!
}

Using new Function(code) is akin to using indirect eval.

See also

• lave by Jed Schmidt
• arson by Ben Newman. The stringify/parse approach in devalue was inspired by arson
• oson by Steffen Trog
• tosource by Marcello Bastéa-Forte
• serialize-javascript by Eric Ferraiuolo
• jsesc by Mathias Bynens
• superjson by Blitz

License

MIT