eivindbohler / tinyllama2

A tiny x86 retro computer

• A fully-fledged 486/Pentium-class PC in a tiny form factor
• Integrated Sound Blaster Pro-compatible audio
• Add a Raspberry Pi Zero 2 for Roland MT‑32 and General MIDI music
• Open-source hardware schematics, board layout and BIOS - build your own!
• Perfect for playing DOS games!

Note
YouTube walkthrough + setup coming soon!

Table of Contents

• Summary
• Project Goals
• What's New In Version 2?
• Full system specs
• Building
  • Sourcing Parts
  • Assembly
  • Programming the CH559
  • Programming the BIOS
  • Installing DOS
  • Programming the CS4237B Firmware
• MT-32 / General MIDI
• WiFi Connectivity
• Wiki
• Help
• Roadmap
• Contributing
• License
• Contact
• Acknowledgements

Project Goals

The goal of the TinyLlama project is:

• To create a fully x86-compatible DIY DOS computer with a sound card
• To keep the size as small as possible while keeping decent connectivity
• To keep the cost low

What's New In Version 2?

Last year I released version 1 of the TinyLlama.
While I was very happy with it and it worked great, there were a couple of things I felt were still missing + a few bugs.

The two main new features in version 2 are:

• Built-in hardware USB HID (keyboard+mouse) to PS/2 emulation using rasteri's HIDman firmware running on a CH559 microcontroller
• On-board Wemos D1 Mini ESP8266 for providing either a Hayes-compatible modem-over-WiFi or ethernet-over-WiFi (SLIP), depending on the firmware on the ESP.

Both the CH559 and the ESP8266 can be easily re-flashed/programmed in-place.
Look at Programming the CH559 and Programming the ESP8266.

Full system specs (revision 2.1)

Hardware

• 86Duino System-on-module
  • Vortex86EX CPU running at 60-500 MHz
  • 16 KB L1 cache (can be disabled)
  • 128 KB L2 cache
  • 128 MB DDR3 RAM
  • 8 MB programmable flash ROM
• Vortex86VGA module running off a x1 PCI-e lane
  • Maximum resolution: 1024x768, 60 Hz
  • 4 MB SRAM
  • Alternative graphics cards
• Crystal CS4237B all-in-one audio chip
• 12mm PC-speaker
• CR1220 battery for persistent real-time clock
• Power and reset buttons
• Connectivity
  • USB-C for power
  • 2 x USB Type-A connectors for HID-compliant keyboard and mice
  • 2 x USB Type-A connectors for storage devices (USB 2.0)
  • MicroSD slot for storage
  • DE-9 RS232 serial port (COM1)
  • Modem or Ethernet/SLIP over WiFi (COM2)
  • Internal 2.54mm pin-header for connecting a fan (5V or 3.3V selectable)
  • 3.5mm line-out audio jack
• mt32-pi subsystem
  • 40-pin connector for a Raspberry Pi Zero 2
  • Pin headers for attaching a GY-PCM5102 I²S DAC module
  • Button for toggling between MT32 / General MIDI mode
  • Button for switching between audio ROMs / soundbanks
  • 4-pin I²C connector for an OLED display

Software

• Custom Coreboot/SeaBIOS ROM
• MS-DOS / FreeDOS

Building

Sourcing Parts

Full BOM (bill of materials) can be found in the wiki.

• The TinyLlama PCB rev2.1
• Modern SMD and through-hole components, as seen in the BOM
• 86Duino system-on-module (SOM-128-EX)
• Vortex86VGA Mini PCI-e module
• Crystal CS4237B 100-pin TQFP. Discontinued, but readily available
• Wemos D1 Mini ESP8266, optional
• A CR1220 battery if you want a persistent real-time clock
• One or more USB flash drives + an optional microSD card
• A USB-C power adapter (minimum 2A)

For MT-32/MIDI - optional

• GY-PCM5102 DAC module
• Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W with a microSD card
• An mt32-pi compatible OLED display, optional but nice

Assembly

Solder all components onto the TinyLlama rev2.1 PCB. As always, it's easier to start with the low-profile ones first, like resistors and capacitors. If you're willing to spend slightly more, I recommended you let the PCB manufacturer pre-assemble most of the common components for you. Plus, some of the SMD components can be a bit tricky to solder. Take a look at the wiki for more in-depth assembly instructions.

Programming the CH559

1. Download the latest firmware binary from this repo, in the hidman-binary folder. Alternatively, get the latest source code from the official repo and compile it yourself.
2. Download and install WCHISPTool_Setup.exe from WCH's website. Unfortunately, this tool only supports Windows. If you're on macOS or Linux, maybe try using virtualization software, or even another computer.
3. Open the WCHISPTool_CH54x-55x application.
4. Make sure the TinyLlama is powered off.
5. Remove the jumper from the "HID_POWER" pin header on the PCB (to ensure that the computer doesn't backpower the TinyLlama).
6. Connect a USB cable (type A to type A) between one of the HID USB ports on the TinyLlama and the Windows computer.
7. Press and hold the "PRG" button on the bottom side of the TinyLlama until the CH559 device pops up in the WCHISPTool.
8. Select the firmware binary file under Download File -> Object File1.
9. Click the "Download" button. Hopefully you'll get a success message in the log section on the right side of the program window.
10. Disconnect the USB cable.
11. Add the jumper to the "HID_POWER" pin header on the PCB.
12. Connect a keyboard to one of the HID USB ports. You should be good to go!

Programming the BIOS

When purchasing the SOM-128-EX module from DMP, its ROM chip comes preinstalled with an Arduino-like bootloader which isn't what we want. Also, the "crossbar" is configured for using the module with the 86Duino Zero/One boards - meaning its default pin layout is completely different from what we need for the TinyLlama.

Follow these steps to flash the ROM with the TinyLlama BIOS for the first time:

1. Find a USB flash drive, must be minimum 32 MB in size (shouldn't be a problem these days). Note that not all USB drives are bootable. Use a well-known bootable drive. NB: You have to use a USB stick for this, an SD card won't work since the crossbar is configured to use different pins on the SOM for SD traffic.
2. Do a block-level transfer of the INITBIOS.IMG from this repo to the USB drive. Use Balena Etcher, or the command line if you know what you're doing (macOS example):

$ diskutil list
(Find your USB drive, eg. /dev/disk2)
$ diskutil unmountDisk /dev/disk2
$ sudo dd if=INITBIOS.IMG of=/dev/rdisk2 bs=1m

3. Insert the USB flash drive into the TinyLlama and turn it on. It'll hopefully boot into MS-DOS. Then, to flash the ROM:

C:\>anybios w initbios.rom

...and reboot.

For subsequent BIOS updates, you can use the ROM's built-in virtual floppy drive available from the boot menu (press F12).
When booted from this you'll only need a regular USB stick (formatted as FAT16/FAT32) containing the new BIOS file.

Installing MS-DOS

A note on selecting the DOS type:
I've gone with MS-DOS 6.22 for maximum compatibility.
If you prefer FreeDOS (or another DOS variant), prepare a bootable USB installer disk and use that instead of the built-in virtual floppy.

1. Pick a bootable USB drive or Micro SD card to use as the boot drive - for MS-DOS 6.22 you'll be limited to FAT16 and 2 GB per partition (though you can have several). For FreeDOS with FAT32 you can go all the way up to 2 TB.
2. Insert it, turn on the system, press F12 to bring up the boot menu, and select the virtual floppy drive.
3. Use fdisk from the command prompt to partition the SD/USB drive and set it to be Active.
4. Restart and again select to boot from the virtual floppy.
   Use format c: /s /u to format the drive and copy over system files. Finally use fdisk /mbr to make sure the Master Boot Record is correct and the drive should be bootable.
5. Copy over the DOS folder from A: to C:.
   You can either do this manually and create CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files to your liking, or more conveniently, just run the SETUP.BAT script that'll do this for you. The provided config files lets you choose from a clean boot or a QEMM-based one with XMS, EMS and 631 kB of free conventional memory.

Programming the CS4237B Firmware

1. Copy the CS4237B and UNISOUND folders from this GitHub repo over to your SD/USB boot drive and start the system.
2. To program the firmware, run the RESOURCE.EXE command below and check that you get the same output:

C:\>cd cs4237b
C:\CS4237B>resource /f=0x120 /r=cs4237b.asm /e

Reading data from CS4237B.ASM
Length = 292    Programming EEPROM Block: 1 2    EEPROM programmed

Verifying EEPROM:
Verifying CS4237B.ASM against EEPROM . . .      Verified OKAY

3. Make sure the correct BLASTER environment variable is set and UNISOUND.COM command is called from AUTOEXEC.BAT. Note that the 8-bit DMA channel is 1 and the IRQ is 7:

SET BLASTER=A220 I7 D1 P330 T4
C:\UNISOUND\UNISOUND.EXE /V60 /VW60 /VF60 /VL60 /VP60 /VC0 /VM0

4. Reboot the system, and you should get the following output:

Universal ISA PnP Sound Card Driver for DOS v0.76f. (c) JazeFox 2019-21
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
PnP card found: [CSC7537] CS4237B
BLASTER environment var found! Loading settings...
ADD:220 WSS:534 OPL:388 IRQ:7 DMA:1/1 MPU:330/I9 CTR:120 JOY:200
Initialization done.
Crystal Mixer [VOL:85 WAV:80 FM:80 LIN:0 CD:0 MIC:0]

5. Feel free to experiment with the different volume levels, look at the C:\UNISOUND\UNISOUND.TXT file for further guidance.
6. Fire up a few games to test that Adlib, SoundBlaster FM and digital sound effects are working properly.

MT-32 / General MIDI

If you've installed mt32-pi on a Raspberry Pi Zero 2 and connected it to the TinyLlama, it should be ready to go using IO port 330. Use the third button from the left (labeled "SYNTH_SW" on the PCB) to switch between MT-32 and General MIDI mode.
If you want to play old games that require "MPU-401 Intelligent Mode" (Sierra games, Monkey Island 1, etc), try running SoftMPU:

C:\SOFTMPU\>softmpu /mpu:330 /sb:220 /irq:7

If you want to hook up an I²C OLED display to the mt32-pi, there's a pin header on the TinyLlama labeled "I2C_OLED". The order of the pins from 1 to 4 is: GND, VCC, SCL, SDA with pin 1 being the one closest to the 3.5mm audio jack.

WiFi Connectivity

There's a section in the wiki dedicated to this, take a look.

Wiki

For an in-depth discussion of the various components, installation, configuration, etc, take a look at the wiki.

Help

This project is indended for people with a fair bit of hardware- and DOS knowledge. If you have questions or need help, please look at the wiki and FAQ section first.

Roadmap

Coming.
In the mean time feel free to post an issue if you have tips, suggestions or want to report an error.

License

GNU General Public License v3.0

Contact

Development thread: Vogons
Mastodon: @[email protected]
Twitter: @eivindbohler
YouTube: @eivindbohler

Acknowledgements

Many thanks to

• Sergey Kiselev for sparking my interest in designing and building computers.
• Rasteri for introducing me to the CS4237B chip.
• The Vogons forum for inspiration, help and support.
• 86Duino / DMP for making a great and affordable system-on-module.
• Dale Whinham / mt32-pi for making the best synth emulator software.

tinyllama2's Issues

Sounds from mt32-pi not working

What should I do to set the sound from the MT32-pi to go through the speaker?
I have mt32 showing activity on the oled.
I am wondering if there is any volume setting that I need to apply to the sound card.

Integrate vga to HDMI circuit

Since now it is not easy to find VGA input on modern displays it might be helpful to add internal VGA + Audio to HDMI converter

Question: Has anyone managed to run Win9x on this board?

I have been trying for some time to get either Windows95 or Windows98 running on the Tiny LLama v2 but so far have not had much success. Has anyone managed to get this working, and if so, are there steps somewhere that I can follow to reproduce?

I have tried quite a lot of different methods I can think to get this working. The most promising was this:

• use the virtual floppy drive to prepare a 2GB SD card with a bootable MsDos.
  • FDisk to make partition
  • Format C: /s
  • fdisk /mbr to make it bootable
• From my laptop, copy over the Windows95 setup files to a dir on the SD card.
  • I downloaded the setup ISO from winworldpc.com and extracted from the ISO using 7zip
• Boot up the TinyLlama and run setup.exe
  • I have tried various parameters to skip some setup checks

This got me through almost all of the setup just fine, but when entering windows properly the display was stuck black. I'm using the suggested pcie graphics card from DM&P.

Any ideas?

Programming the CH559 instructions

I was trying to program my CH559 following the instructions and kept getting the following error (note I installed the WHCISPStudio application and changed nothing, just selected the Object File 1).

19:36:08:325>> [#Dev0]Begin to download...
19:36:08:344>> Jump to BOOT from the user area,configuration bits cannot be modified!
19:36:08:345>> BTVER:02.40
19:36:08:346>> UID:E2-4D-5D-BC-0-0-0-0
19:36:08:359>> Verify CfgBitVal failure.
19:36:08:362>> Failed!

After trying multiple times (not changing things in the app, just reconnecting the board a few times on different USB ports on my computer, not like that would really help) and worrying I had something wrong I hit the following button "Restore Default Configuration" in the WHCISPStudio application and

19:36:33:250>> [#Dev0]Begin to download...
19:36:33:268>> Jump to BOOT from the user area,configuration bits cannot be modified! 
19:36:33:270>> BTVER:02.40 
19:36:33:272>> UID:E2-4D-5D-BC-0-0-0-0 
19:36:33:283>> Erasing... 
19:36:33:369>>  complete 
19:36:33:371>> Programing... 
19:36:34:100>>  complete 
19:36:34:103>> Verifying... 
19:36:34:465>> complete 
19:36:34:472>> Succeed!

I have no idea why i had to restore default configuration on a new install with a blank chip, but I just wanted to report it in case anyone else got the error. Not sure if it is something that needs integrated into the instructions or if I am a one off issue.

Thanks,
Sean

Disabling L1 chache on the BIOS makes keyboard arrow keys unresponsive

Hi there,

I have found out that disabling L1 chache on the BIOS makes keyboard arrow keys on USB keyboards unresponsive. It's not a keyboard problem: tried 3 different ones, from different brands.

That's a nuisance because, once disabled L1 cache, enabling it again becomes very hard.

Thanks