isabella232 / url-2

A C++ library that implements the WhatWG URL specification

Skyr URL

Status

Notice

I've changed the name of the default branch from master to main. Please make future PRs to the main branch on the cpp-netlib repo.

Introduction

This library provides:

• A skyr::url class that implements a generic URL parser, conforming with the WhatWG URL specification
• URL serialization and comparison
• Percent encoding and decoding functions
• IDNA and Punycode functions for domain name parsing
• Basic Unicode conversion functions

Using the library

This project requires the availability of a C++17 compliant compiler and standard library.

vcpkg

skyr::url is available on vcpkg. It can be installed by executing the following steps:

> cd ${VCPKG_ROOT}
> git init
> git remote add origin https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg.git
> git fetch origin master
> git checkout -b master origin/master
> ./bootstrap-vcpkg.sh
> ./vcpkg install skyr-url

On Windows - for example, using Powershell - replace the call to bootstrap-vcpkg.sh with bootstrap-vcpkg.bat.

Building the project from source

Installing dependencies using vcpkg

Using vcpkg, install the library dependencies:

> cd ${VCPKG_ROOT}
> git init
> git remote add origin https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg.git
> git fetch origin master
> git checkout -b master origin/master
> ./bootstrap-vcpkg.sh
> ./vcpkg install tl-expected range-v3 catch2 nlohmann-json fmt

Building the project with CMake and Ninja

From a terminal, execute the following sequence of commands:

> mkdir _build
> cmake \
    -B _build \
    -G "Ninja" \
    -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${VCPKG_ROOT}/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake \
    .
> cmake --build _build

To run the tests:

> cmake --build _build --target test

On Windows, replace the target with RUN_TESTS:

> cmake --build _build --target RUN_TESTS

To install the library:

> cmake --build _build --target install

Testing and installing the project

Installing with CMake and Ninja

> cmake .. \
    -G "Ninja" \
    -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${VCPKG_ROOT}/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake \
    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$PREFIX
> ninja
> ninja test
> ninja install

Where $PREFIX is the location where you want to install the library. Depending on the location of $PREFIX, you may need to run the install command as an administrator (e.g. on Linux as sudo).

Example usage

Source code

Here is an example of how to use the skyr::url class to parse a URL string and to process the components:

// url_parts.cpp

#include <skyr/url.hpp>
#include <skyr/percent_encoding/percent_decode.hpp>
#include <iostream>

int main() {
  using namespace skyr::literals;

  auto url =
      "http://sub.example.إختبار:8090/\xcf\x80?a=1&c=2&b=\xe2\x80\x8d\xf0\x9f\x8c\x88"_url;

  std::cout << "Protocol: " << url.protocol() << std::endl;

  std::cout << "Domain?   " << std::boolalpha << url.is_domain() << std::endl;
  std::cout << "Domain:   " << url.hostname() << std::endl;
  std::cout << "Domain:   " << url.u8domain().value() << std::endl;

  std::cout << "Port:     " << url.port<std::uint16_t>().value() << std::endl;

  std::cout << "Pathname: "
            << skyr::percent_decode(url.pathname()).value() << std::endl;

  std::cout << "Search parameters:" << std::endl;
  const auto &search = url.search_parameters();
  for (const auto &[key, value] : search) {
    std::cout << "  " << "key: " << key << ", value = " << value << std::endl;
  }
}

Build script

Here is the CMake script to build the example:

# CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)

project(my_project)

find_package(tl-expected CONFIG REQUIRED)
find_package(range-v3 CONFIG REQUIRED)
find_package(skyr-url CONFIG REQUIRED)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)

add_executable(url_parts url_parts.cpp)
target_link_libraries(url_parts PRIVATE skyr::skyr-url)

Output

The output of this program is:

Protocol: http:
Domain?   true
Domain:   sub.example.xn--kgbechtv
Domain:   sub.example.إختبار
Port:     8090
Pathname: /π
Search parameters:
  key: a, value = 1
  key: c, value = 2
  key: b, value = ‍🌈

Dependencies

This library uses expected and Range v3.

The tests use Catch2, nlohmann-json and fmtlib.

Acknowledgements

This library includes a modified implementation of utfcpp.

Platform support

Look at the GitHub Actions Status for all of the configurations for which this library is tested.

License

This library is released under the Boost Software License (please see http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt or the accompanying LICENSE_1_0.txt file for the full text).

Why skyr?

This name was chosen by a random project name generator, which itself was randomly chosen.

Contact

Any questions about this library can be addressed to the cpp-netlib developers mailing list. Issues can be filed on our GitHub page.

You can also contact me via Twitter @glynos.