In essence, this project is implementation of <string.h> in assembly.
In particular, this repository contains reimplementations of all functions
defined in the C Standard for <string.h> via (mostly) x86 assembly, as well as
a small amount of C code to export names, manage keyword definitions/reexports,
and perform option-handling logic.
Contains all aolc-implemented libc-spec header files - notably string.h.
Contains internal-facing header files (utilities, glue code, &c).
Contains production source code files.
Includes all .S (x86-64 assembly) files. This is where the bulk of the implementation can be found.
This is where the aforementioned small amount of C code is located.
Contains produced static libraries.
The core library produced by the project; contains all reimplementations of the given libc headers.
Contains re-exported versions of the actual system libc implementations of the given libc headers, prefixed with an underscore -- for use in testing.
Includes tests for each function within <string.h> as defined by the C
Standard. May end up pulling from GNU and Newlib for help on this front.
Includes microbenchmark code to compare the speed of our functions to that of glibc's equivalent implementations; currently utilizes Google's benchmark library.
Contains documentation and additional notes.
Contains build erratta and produced binaries.
Contains external library dependencies, each included within the overall project as a submodule - currently, google/googletest and google/benchmark.
| Specification | C Function | Impl. Status | Test Coverage | Owner |
|---|---|---|---|---|
<string.h> |
memcpy | ✔ | WIP | Marcus Plutowski [email protected] |
<string.h> |
memmove | TODO | WIP | Jiahong Long |
<string.h> |
memchr | TODO | TODO | |
<string.h> |
memcmp | TODO | WIP | |
<string.h> |
memset | ✔ | WIP | Marcus Plutowski [email protected] |
<string.h> |
strcat | TODO | TODO | |
<string.h> |
strncat | TODO | TODO | |
<string.h> |
strchr | TODO | TODO | |
<string.h> |
strrchr | TODO | TODO | |
<string.h> |
strcmp | WIP | TODO | Scott Durand [email protected] |
<string.h> |
strncmp | WIP | TODO | Scott Durand [email protected] |
<string.h> |
strcoll | TODO | TODO | |
<string.h> |
strcpy | ✔ | WIP | Marcus Plutowski [email protected] |
<string.h> |
strncpy | ✔ | WIP | Marcus Plutowski [email protected] |
<string.h> |
strerror | TODO | ✔ | |
<string.h> |
strlen | ✔ | WIP | Marcus Plutowski [email protected] |
<string.h> |
strspn | TODO | WIP | |
<string.h> |
strcspn | TODO | WIP | |
<string.h> |
strpbrk | TODO | WIP | |
<string.h> |
strstr | TODO | WIP | Marcus Plutowski [email protected] |
<string.h> |
strtok | TODO | TODO | |
<string.h> |
strxfrm | TODO | TODO | |
| GNU | mempcpy | TBD | TBD | |
| GNU, POSIX | strerror_r | TBD | TBD | |
| WDTR 24731 | strcat_s | TBD | TBD | |
| WDTR 24731 | strcpy_s | TBD | TBD | |
| Open/Free BSD | strlcat | TODO | TODO | |
| Open/Free BSD | strlcpy | TODO | TODO | |
| BSD, POSIX | strdup | TODO | TODO | |
| POSIX 2008 | strsignal | TBD | TBD | |
| POSIX | strtok_r | TBD | TBD | |
| POSIX | memccpy | TBD | TBD |
In order to use the functions implemented thus far, simply run make lib and
link the static library (aolc.a) that it generates; within your code, make sure
to import <string.h>. If your project does not use any extensions to the
spec (e.g. POSIX's strtok_r), it is not necessary to compile with our string.h
in your include path - your system's <string.h> will work just fine.
For now, simply make sure to develop implementations for function <X> on the
branch feature/string/<X> — i.e. strlen is managed on feature/string/strlen.
Rebase before merging, and make sure your merges/PRs target develop.
Warning: repository style is currently mid-transition, so you will likely run into code which does not follow style guidelines; we're working on fixing this.
With regards to C code, this project uses the Linux Kernel style guide, following in the style of musl. There should, of course, be relatively little of this code, if any beyond the core header files - most all of the implementation should be written in assembly.
Determining an appropriate style guide for the underlying assembly is a work- in-progress; broadly, make sure to thoroughly (albeit not excessively) comment all code. Of particular importance is annotating the contents/purpose of whatever registers are in use by a function, at least once per function — this greatly aids third-party code comprehension.
This repository follows the Google C++ Style Guide for all C++ source material; most 'supporting' code (including testing and benchmarking) is to be implemented in C++ and thus in line with the aforementioned style.
Simply run make check in the project root directory to build and run the test
suite.
Please make sure to implement at least rudimentary tests for any new
implementations; all tests are to be written in C++, and should make sure to
use the googletest framework rather than defining their own test semantics.
See the Googletest Primer in the references section below for more info. Note
that we do not define our own main, and as such neither should any of your
tests: simply implement the TEST()s that you need to achieve coverage and let
Googletest handle gluing them together.
All TEST()s implemented for a given <string.h> function should be placed
within a test suite with the name of that function - e.g. all tests for
strlen should be declared in the form TEST(strlen, [test-name]).
When an implementation is ready to PR, make sure to add the name of your file
to $(TEST\_NAMES) and the name of the target function to $(STRING_FUNCS_DONE)
so that make check will consider them properly for regression testing; we're
currently working on a more ergonomic solution for this part of the workflow.
Unlike with tests, we do not expect contributors to necessarily provide benchmarks for their own implementations; nevertheless, it is appreciated if you have the time.
In order to run benchmarks for a given function <X>, run make bench-<X> in
the project root directory; this will run our benchmark suite on both of our
and glibc's implementations, then compare the result and print out the
difference. Note firstly that the 'old' implementation is in this case glibc,
and secondly that the printed difference is multiplicative; therefore, a
reported difference of "+1.513000" would indicate that our function took 1.513
times longer to run than glibc's equivalent implementation.
We are currently exploring multithreading the execution of benchmarks.
As-is, this project is set up to build solely on ELF64-compatible architectures; however, changing the Makefile to build for other architectures wouldn't be too hard, within reason — as long as they're still x86-64 compatible, of course.
As of right now, no extant assembly implementations have been written so as to be position-independent — as such, creating a PIE binary (as would be required for a shared/dynamic library) is not possible. This may be a goal in the future, but it is not as of right now.
Presently, all assembly is written in accordance to x86-64 calling conventions; as such, is is expected that, among other things, the first six integral arguments will be passed in via the registers RDI, RSI, etc., with further arguments passed in on the stack. See the calling convention reference link below for more detail.
- Wikibooks page on <string.h>
- glibc reference manual
- musl reference manual
- x86-64 cheat sheet
- x86-64 calling convention
- Googletest Primer
This is a toy project meant to help develop a better understanding of both x86 assembly and the internals of the C Standard Library. Other such implementations exist (not least as produced by mainstream C compilers), so there is little expectation of use outside of this repository.
Our priorities are broadly, in order from highest to lowest:
- Functionality
- Coverage
- Efficiency
- Compatability
Thus, when deciding where to put additional energy, we will firstly prioritize fixing existing implementations, followed by creating new implementations, optimizing existing implementations, and finally expanding support.
Implementation strategies broadly inspired by musl first and foremost, as well as by glibc.
This project is licensed under the BSD License 2.0.
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