jasonwebb / morphogenesis-resources Goto Github PK

Add to Math and physics topics

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation
• Periodic tiling = repeating pattern
  • Regular tiling = uses 1 polygon of the same shape
  • Semi-regular tiling = uses a mix of different polygon shapes
  • All patterns in periodic tiling can be classified into 17 wallpaper groups
• Aperiodic tiling = non-repeating pattern

I mean, how the hell did I miss this one?

This topic needs to be completed

For mathematicians and physicists it sounds like the Laplace transform can be super broad and complicated, creating a huge rabbit hole for coders and artists. Let's boil this way down to known practical applications and a (maybe over-) simplified explanation.

https://github.com/jasonwebb/morphogenesis-resources#laplace-transform

Originally all images were embedded from external URLs to keep the repo size small and preserve a kind of indirect attribution, but now that the repo has matured a bit I don't think the images would take up much space.

Probably makes sense to put copies of all the images in a subfolder like assets/ or images/.

Related note - how can attribution be better integrated?

An online application to dither small images and prepare machine knitting files, with realtime parameters. I tried to add as much dithering algorithms as I was able to find!
Main version is written in p5.js, from a prior version in Processing.
app : http://lesporteslogiques.net/tricot-machine/tramage/
code : https://github.com/lesporteslogiques/tricot-machine

Just dropping a recommendation for the books list:
The Algorithmic Beauty of Sea Shells by Hans Meinhardt
Amazon link to book

I remember it being referenced in one of Philip Ball's books. It's part of a series called 'The Virtual Laboratory' by publish Springer which cover a few other patterns (which I have yet to read/recommend):
The Virtual Laboratory series on Springer

Thanks for putting these lists together, I have been making my own but this is far more complete.

Remove this section - it's a bit too esoteric and not very applicable to morphogenesis IMO

This section needs to be completed

• Add image
• Flesh out the description
• Find references, projects, vids, etc to link to

https://github.com/jasonwebb/morphogenesis-resources#saffmantaylor-instability

Hi Jason,

Grateful if you would consider adding my Javascript canvas library - Scrawl-canvas[1] - as a link in the 'Languages and frameworks' section at the bottom of the page.

[1] link: https://scrawl-v8.rikweb.org.uk/

Why?
Scrawl-canvas is a fast and efficient library for creating 2D animations, infographics and other graphical representations for websites.

Yes, but why add it to this resources page?
Scrawl-canvas comes with some morphogenesis resources already built-in - mainly because they are really useful for making patterns, backgrounds and other visual effects as a part of an infographic or animation. For example:

• The Scrawl-canvas noise asset has Perlin, Simplex, Value and Worley noise engines built-in. The Perlin, Simplex and Value noise generator code is based on code found in the canvas-noise GitHub repository written by lencinhaus. The Worley functionality builds on code found in the jackunion/tooloud GitHub repository. See Scrawl-canvas demo at https://scrawl-v8.rikweb.org.uk/demo/filters-019.html
• Scrawl-canvas also includes a reaction-diffusion asset, inspired by your (ie: Jason Webb's) Reaction-Diffusion Playground. This code runs entirely in 2D canvas, without recourse to WebGL, Wasm, web workers, etc. See Scrawl-canvas demo at https://scrawl-v8.rikweb.org.uk/demo/canvas-053.html
• While Scrawl-canvas doesn't have a complete physics engine, it does include a particles engine. See the Scrawl-canvas demo index page for a list of particle-related demos.

Scrawl-canvas also makes an effort to play nicely with third party libraries - for instance the Delaunator JavaScript library for Delaunay triangulation of 2D points - example at https://scrawl-v8.rikweb.org.uk/demo/delaunator-001.html

• Add an image
• Describe the algorithm
• Figure out whether this is actually a growth algorithm or a mathematical/physics topic.

Link: https://github.com/jasonwebb/morphogenesis-resources#dielectric-breakdown-model-dbm

Related to Voronoi diagrams and dithering.

Weighted variant of Llyod's relaxation

References:

• Original paper by Adrian Secord: Weighted Voronoi Stippling
• Used by Evil Mad Scientist Laboratory's Stipplegen for use with TSP-based plotter art.
• Swingline C app by Matt Keeter. Claims 10-20x faster than Stipplegen
• Voronoi Stippling Observable by Mike Bostock
• Can produce interesting effects when combined with TSP, making this useful for plotter art

Add some sort of reference about Lenia, a 2D CA with continuous space, time, and states from Bert Chan. This may be a large + interesting enough system to warrant a dedicated section that references the CA section.

Figure out what it has in common with and differs from SmoothLife.

Important links:

• Lenia - Biology of Artificial Life - original 2019 paper by Bert Wang-Chak Chan
• Bert's source repo - https://github.com/Chakazul/Lenia
• Showcase video - https://vimeo.com/277328815

This section needs to be finished

• Fix the broken image (#35)
• Add description of algorithm

This section needs to be completed

• Add image
• Add description of what percolation theory is

https://github.com/jasonwebb/morphogenesis-resources#percolation-theory

Section: Growth algorithms
Link: https://github.com/jasonwebb/morphogenesis-resources#physarum

• Add an image
• Describe algorithm at a glance
• Add links to code implementations
• Add links to articles

Similar to #43, this is significant enough of a topic to deserve a more detailed section. There aren't as many resources available, but it's so beautiful that I think it is worth the extra info.

• Good for approximating advection and vortices
• Original paper by Robert Bridson et al (PDF)
• https://petewerner.blogspot.com/2015/02/intro-to-curl-noise.html
• Bitanged noise by Ivan DeWolf may be computationally more efficient, but largely unknown.
• Code links:
  • Curl Noise VOP node in Houdini
  • Available in Unreal 5

Add to Useful code patterns and techniques

References #28

Link: https://github.com/jasonwebb/morphogenesis-resources#primordial-particle-system

• Add an image
• Describe the algorithm at a glance
• Add links for code projects
• Add links to articles

Add to the Useful code patterns and techniques section

I've been thinking of the term "procedural generation" as a synonym for "digital morphogenesis", but that might not be clear to other people. A short section on the topic and how it relates to digital morphogenesis could be good for general audiences.

Seems like the term "procedural generation" is used more in the game dev world, and can refer to more than just generating 2D/3D assets -- people use it to make music, generate stories/dialogue, and more. So maybe this section is more of an overview of the differences between procgen and digital morphogenesis?

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedural_generation
• http://pcg.wikidot.com/

This section needs to be completed

https://github.com/jasonwebb/morphogenesis-resources#strange-attractors

Add content to the Cellular automata (CA) section

I've been seeing more projects exploring neural networks to create rules for CA, so I think they are worth documenting now. Personally I'd like to focus on how NCA can be used in mindful and systematic ways to deepen our understanding of the phenomena they are modelling. As opposed to using it as a shortcut to achieve complex results that look cool but the creator doesn't actually understand.

I'm especially interested in how NCA can be used to produce new forms and patterns, not just trained to reproduce existing ones.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPlAEnGX4Dg
• https://wandb.ai/johnowhitaker/nca/reports/Fun-With-Neural-Cellular-Automata--VmlldzoyMDQ5Mjg0
• https://greydanus.github.io/2022/05/24/studying-growth/

Add to the Useful code patterns and techniques section.

Methods for simulating the motion and behaviors of deformable ("soft") bodies.

Common technique is to use a spring-mass system - a network of points connected with edges that act as springs. Adjusting the mass of the points or the physical properties of the spring produces different effects, as does changing which points are connected to others.

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft-body_dynamics

I'd like to suggest Sutherland-Hodgman algorithm to be included.

I saw this post on the generative subreddit the other day and thought that the algorithm belongs here.

It has a Wikipedia page, though I don't understand most of it: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinodal_decomposition.

New topic to add to the Useful code patterns and techniques section

In the context of image processing, a kernel is a convolution matrix applied to individual pixels to create effects like blurring, sharpening, edge detection, embossing, and more.

Convolution matrices are a math topic related to this - maybe it deserves a section in Math and physics topics?

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(image_processing)

A coding technique (data structure) used for volumetric modelling and simulation, standard in VFX software like Houdini. Stands for "Volumetric, Dynamic grid that shares several characteristics with B+ trees.". Kind of like an octree, but has the advantage of not wasting any storage space or computing power on empty voxels.

• https://www.openvdb.org
• https://www.tokeru.com/cgwiki/index.php?title=HoudiniVolumes

This section needs to be completed

• Add image
• Add explanation

https://github.com/jasonwebb/morphogenesis-resources#minimal-surface

Nicely explained here: https://www.jasondavies.com/lloyd/

Although there already is a section on Noise, I think Perlin noise is significant enough to be documented in more detail in a dedicated section.

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlin_noise
• Ken Perlin created it in 1983 after working on the original Tron. He received an Academy Award for Technical Achievement for it in 1997.
• Used heavily for image textures and terrain generation
• Algorithm overview:
  1. Grid definition = define an n dimensional grid with random gradient unit vectors at each grid intersection.
  2. Dot product = for each grid cell, calculate an offset vector and a dot product for each of it's 2^n corners.
     • Offset vector = displacement (distance?) from this corner to the candidate point
     • Dot product = the dot product of the corner's gradient vector and its gradient vector
  3. Interpolation = calculate a noise value for the candidate point by lerping it between the offset vector and dot product. This is what gives Perlin noise its characteristic organic look, since there is smooth continuity across grid cells.
• Simplex noise = created and patented by Ken Perlin in 2011 to be an improvement with fewer artifacts and less computational time. Any legal limitations for commercial use?
  • OpenSimplex was independently created in order to get around the legal issues of simplex noise

Thought this might belong on the list
https://github.com/mxgmn/WaveFunctionCollapse

Under the Math and physics topics section

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyhedron
• Super complex from a pure mathematics perspective, so let's boil this down to the most essential, common, and general info. Focus on a more practical perspective -- how to make them, how to use them to make other stuff, how people have have/are using them
• Important classes of convex polyhedra
  • Platonic solids (link to section)
  • Archimedean solids (link to section)
    • Add subsection for Catalan solids
  • Johnson solids (new section?)
• Overview of symmetries - just their name and short definition, with links if necessary
• Stellations and facettings - inverses of each other
• Overview of regular polyhedra in nature - radiolarians, crystals, fullerene,

Finish this topic.

Relates to #38.

Reference the work of Buckminster Fuller.

• https://github.com/jasonwebb/morphogenesis-resources#geodesic-dome
• Desert Dome at Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo - world's largest "glazed" (?) geodesic dome

Add to Math and physics topics section.

• Making a Verlet Physics Engine in JavaScript by Anurag Harza

Add this topic to the Math and physics topics section.

Pretty much the equivalent of a straight line for curved surfaces - the shortest path between two points. Used for flight planning (and orbital mechanics?), but maybe there

Relates to #8 (Geodesic domes)

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesic

This section needs to be completed

• Add image
• General description (specifically as it applies to morphogenesis / practical uses)

https://github.com/jasonwebb/morphogenesis-resources#spherical-harmonics

self explanatory