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机器学习/深度学习/Python/Go语言面试题笔试题(Machine learning Deep Learning Python and Golang Interview Questions)

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interview-questions's Introduction

机器学习&编程面试笔试题

序言

持续整理、更新Python、机器学习(Machine Learning)、深度学习(Deep Learning)领域的面试笔试题(interview questions)。

声明:所有习题系博主花费大量精力整理,请尊重劳动成果,未经许可,禁止原文转载。

目录

机器学习

Go 语言

相关链接

选择题示例

使用决策树分类时,如果输入的某个特征的值是连续的,通常使用二分法对连续属性离散化,即根据是否大于/小于某个阈值进行划分。如果采用多路划分,每个出现的值都划分为一个分支,这种方式的最大问题是:

  • A 计算量太大
  • B 训练集和测试集表现都很差
  • C 训练集表现良好,测试集表现差
  • D 训练集表现差,测试集表现良好
答案

C 连续值通常采用二分法,离散特征通常采用多路划分的方法,但分支数不宜过多。 连续特征每个值都划分为一个分支,容易过拟合,泛化能力差,导致训练集表现好,测试集表现差。

对神经网络(neural network)而言,哪一项对过拟合(overfitting)和欠拟合(underfitting)影响最大。

  • A 隐藏层节点(hidden nodes)数量
  • B 学习速率(learning rate)
  • C 初始权重
  • D 每一次训练的输入个数固定
答案

A 过拟合和欠拟合与神经网络的复杂程度有关,模型越大越容易过拟合。隐藏层节点数量直接决定了模型的大小与复杂程度。

问答题示例

经验误差(empirical error)与泛化误差(generalization error)分别指?

答案
经验误差: 也叫训练误差(training error),模型在训练集上的误差。 泛化误差: 模型在新样本集(测试集)上的误差。

简述 K折交叉验证(k-fold crossValidation)。

答案
- 数据集大小为N,分成K份,则每份含有样本N/K个。每次选择其中1份作为测试集,另外K-1份作为训练集,共K种情况。 - 在每种情况中,训练集训练模型,用测试集测试模型,计算模型的泛化误差。 - 将K种情况下,模型的泛化误差取均值,得到模型最终的泛化误差。

附:题目主要来源

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