Cookiecutter template for a Python library.
Notes:
- This is largely designed to address this blog post about packaging python
libraries.
- ... and it will save you from packaging pitfalls.
- There's a bare library using this template (if you're curious about the final result): https://github.com/ionelmc/python-nameless.
- If you have a web application (not a library) you might want to take a look at django-docker.
Table of Contents
This is an "all inclusive" sort of template.
- Choice of various licenses.
- Tox for managing test environments for Python 2.7, 3.7+, PyPy etc.
- Pytest or Nose for testing Python 2.7, 3.7+, PyPy etc.
- Optional support for creating a tests matrix out of dependencies and python versions.
- Travis-CI and AppVeyor for continuous testing.
- Coveralls or Codecov for coverage tracking (using Tox).
- Documentation with Sphinx, ready for ReadTheDocs.
- Configurations for:
- isort
- bumpversion (bump2version required)
- Support for C extensions (including coverage measurement for the C code). See c_extension_support.
- Packaging and code quality checks. This template comes with a tox environment (
check
) that will:- Check if your
README.rst
is valid. - Check if the
MANIFEST.in
has any issues.
- Check if your
Projects using this template have these minimal dependencies:
- Cookiecutter - just for creating the project
- Tox - for running the tests
- Setuptools - for building the package, wheels etc. Now-days Setuptools is widely available, it shouldn't pose a problem :)
To get quickly started on a new system, just install setuptools and then install pip. That's the bare minimum to required install Tox and Cookiecutter. To install them, just run this in your shell or command prompt:
pip install tox cookiecutter
This template is more involved than the regular cookiecutter-pypackage.
First generate your project:
cookiecutter gh:ionelmc/cookiecutter-pylibrary
You will be asked for these fields:
Note
Fields that work together usually use the same prefix. If you answer "no" on the first one then the rest won't have any effect so just ignore them. Maybe in the future cookiecutter will allow option hiding or something like a wizard.
Field | Default | Description |
---|---|---|
full_name |
"Ionel Cristian Maries" |
Main author of this library or application (used in Can be set in your |
email |
Contact email of the author (used in Can be set in your |
|
website |
"https://blog.ionelmc.ro" |
Website of the author (used in Can be set in your |
repo_username |
"ionelmc" |
GitHub user name of this project (used for GitHub link). Can be set in your |
project_name |
"Nameless" |
Verbose project name, used in headings (docs, readme, etc). |
repo_hosting_domain |
"github.com" |
Use "no" for no hosting (various links will disappear). You can also use "gitlab.com" and such but various
things will be broken (like Travis configuration). |
repo_name |
"python-nameless" |
Repository name on GitHub (and project's root directory name). |
package_name |
"nameless" |
Python package name (whatever you would import). |
distribution_name |
"nameless" |
PyPI distribution name (what you would pip install ). |
module_name |
"core" |
This template assumes there's going to be an "implementation" module inside your package. |
project_short_description |
"An example package [...]" |
One line description of the project (used in README.rst and setup.py ). |
release_date |
"today" |
Release date of the project (ISO 8601 format) default to today (used in CHANGELOG.rst ). |
year |
"now" |
Copyright year (used in Sphinx conf.py ). |
version |
"0.1.0" |
Release version (see .bumpversion.cfg and in Sphinx conf.py ). |
c_extension_support |
"no" |
Support C extensions (will slightly change the outputted
|
c_extension_optional |
"no" |
Make C extensions optional (will allow your package to install even if extensions can't be compiled) |
test_matrix_separate_coverage |
"no" |
Enable this to have a separate env for measuring coverage. Indicated if you want to run doctests or collect tests
from src with pytest. |
setup_py_uses_setuptools_scm |
"no" |
Enables the use of setuptools-scm. You can continue using bumpversion with this enabled. |
tests_inside_package |
"no" |
Collect tests that are inside the package (in other works, tests that are installed with the package). The outside of package tests directory will still exist and be collected. |
command_line_interface |
"plain" |
Option to enable a CLI (a bin/executable file). Available options:
|
command_line_interface_bin_name |
"nameless" |
Name of the CLI bin/executable file (set the console script name in setup.py ). |
license |
"BSD license" |
License to use. Available options:
What license to pick? https://choosealicense.com/ |
coveralls |
"no" |
Enable pushing coverage data to Coveralls and add badge in README.rst . |
codecov |
"yes" |
Enable pushing coverage data to Codecov and add badge in Note: Doesn't support pushing C extension coverage yet. |
scrutinizer |
"no" |
Add a Scrutinizer badge in README.rst . |
codacy |
"no" |
Add a Codacy badge in Note: After importing the project in Codacy, find the hexadecimal project ID from settings and replace it in badge URL |
codeclimate |
"no" |
Add a CodeClimate badge in README.rst . |
sphinx_docs |
"yes" |
Have Sphinx documentation. |
sphinx_theme |
"sphinx-rtd-theme" |
What Sphinx theme to use. Suggested alternative: sphinx-py3doc-enhanced-theme for a responsive theme based on the Python 3 documentation. |
sphinx_doctest |
"no" |
Set to Read more about doctest support in Sphinx. |
sphinx_docs_hosting |
"repo_name.readthedocs.io" |
Leave as default if your documentation will be hosted on readthedocs. If your documentation will be hosted elsewhere (such as GitHub Pages or GitLab Pages), enter the top-level URL. |
pypi_badge |
"yes" |
By default, this will insert links to your project's page on PyPI.org. Note that if your package is not (yet) on PyPI, this will cause tox -e docs to fail. If you choose "no", then these links will not be created. |
pypi_disable_upload |
"no" |
If you specifically want to be sure your package will never be accidentally uploaded to PyPI, you can pick "yes". |
To run all the tests, just run:
tox
To see all the tox environments:
tox -l
To only build the docs:
tox -e docs
To build and verify that the built package is proper and other code QA checks:
tox -e check
Before releasing your package on PyPI you should have all the tox environments passing.
This template provides a basic bumpversion configuration. It's as simple as running:
bumpversion patch
to increase version from 1.0.0 to 1.0.1.bumpversion minor
to increase version from 1.0.0 to 1.1.0.bumpversion major
to increase version from 1.0.0 to 2.0.0.
You should read Semantic Versioning 2.0.0 before bumping versions.
Before building dists make sure you got a clean build area:
rm -rf build rm -rf src/*.egg-info
Note:
Dirtybuild
oregg-info
dirs can cause problems: missing or stale files in the resulting dist or strange and confusing errors. Avoid having them around.
Then you should check that you got no packaging issues:
tox -e check
And then you can build the sdist
, and if possible, the bdist_wheel
too:
python setup.py clean --all sdist bdist_wheel
To make a release of the project on PyPI, assuming you got some distributions in dist/
, the most simple usage is:
twine upload --skip-existing dist/*.whl dist/*.gz dist/*.zip
In ZSH you can use this to upload everything in dist/
that ain't a linux-specific wheel (you may need setopt extended_glob
):
twine upload --skip-existing dist/*.(whl|gz|zip)~dist/*linux*.whl
For making and uploading manylinux1 wheels you can use this contraption:
docker run --rm -itv $(pwd):/code quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64 bash -c 'set -eux; cd code; rm -rf wheelhouse; for variant in /opt/python/*; do rm -rf dist build *.egg-info && $variant/bin/python setup.py clean --all bdist_wheel; auditwheel repair dist/*.whl; done; rm -rf dist build *.egg-info' twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl docker run --rm -itv $(pwd):/code quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686 bash -c 'set -eux; cd code; rm -rf wheelhouse; for variant in /opt/python/*; do rm -rf dist build *.egg-info && $variant/bin/python setup.py clean --all bdist_wheel; auditwheel repair dist/*.whl; done; rm -rf dist build *.egg-info' twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
Note:
twine is a tool that you can use to securely upload your releases to PyPI.
You can still use the old python setup.py register sdist bdist_wheel upload
but it's not very secure - your PyPI
password will be sent over plaintext.
See CHANGELOG.rst.
There's no Makefile?
Sorry, noMakefile
yet. The Tox environments stand for whatever you'd have in aMakefile
.
Why does tox.ini
have a passenv = *
?
Tox 2.0 changes the way it runs subprocesses - it no longer passes all the environment variables by default. This causes all sorts of problems if you want to run/use any of these with Tox: SSH Agents, Browsers (for Selenium), Appengine SDK, VC Compiler and so on.
cookiecutter-pylibrary errs on the side of convenience here. You can always remove
passenv = *
if you like the strictness.
Why is the version stored in several files (pkg/__init__.py
, setup.py
, docs/conf.py
)?
We cannot use a metadata/version file [1] because this template is to be used with both distributions of packages (dirs with
__init__.py
) and modules (simple.py
files that go straight insite-packages
). There's no good place for that extra file if you're distributing modules.But this isn't so bad - bumpversion manages the version string quite neatly.
[1] | Example, an __about__.py file. |
No way, this is the best. ๐
If you have criticism or suggestions please open up an Issue or Pull Request.