kxxjxxl / donot-try-understanding

i wanted to "try" understanding the mathematical calculations behind the donut on my github profile - safe to say I am bad at maths

donut.c

A donut-shaped .C code that outputs a 3D spinning donut

             i,j,k,x,y,o,N;
         main(){float z[1760],a
      #define R(t,x,y) f=x;x-=t*y\
   ;y+=t*f;f=(3-x*x-y*y)/2;x*=f;y*=f;
   =0,e=1,c=1,d=0,f,g,h,G,H,A,t,D;char
 b[1760];for(;;){memset(b,32,1760);g=0,
h=1;memset(z,0,7040);for(j=0;j<90;j++){
G=0,H=1;for(i=0;i<314;i++){A=h+2,D=1/(G*
A*a+g*e+5);t=G*A        *e-g*a;x=40+30*D
*(H*A*d-t*c);y=          12+15*D*(H*A*c+
t*d);o=x+80*y;N          =8*((g*a-G*h*e)
*d-G*h*a-g*e-H*h        *c);if(22>y&&y>
 0&&x>0&&80>x&&D>z[o]){z[o]=D;b[o]=(N>0
  ?N:0)[".,-~:;=!*#$@"];}R(.02,H,G);}R(
  .07,h,g);}for(k=0;1761>k;k++)putchar
   (k%80?b[k]:10);R(.04,e,a);R(.02,d,
     c);usleep(15000);printf('\n'+(
        " donut.c! \x1b[23A"));}}
           /*3D-spinning-donut

(also a .py version that should generate a 3D spinning donut in python 3.0+)

(also heavily inspired by Andy Sloane for going into comprehensive detail about the calculations and documenting it)