By the end of this lesson, you'll be able to
- Create DOM elements programmatically
- Insert elements into the DOM
- Remove elements from the DOM
This lesson is a code-along - Learn will expect to see changes made to the file contents in order to register completion. Copy and paste the code snippets as you go to follow along.
Creating an element in JavaScript couldn't be easier. Simply call
document.createElement(tagName), where tagName is the string representation
of any valid HTML tag (e.g., 'p', 'div', 'span', etc.).
Open this lesson's index.html file in your browser or use httpserver to
serve it temporarily. Once open,
open up the browser's console. In the console, enter:
var element = document.createElement('div');Type element. (or whatever you named your newly minted element), and explore
the properties available. It's a living, breathing DOM element, but it doesn't
yet appear in the DOM.
We can set properties on it:
element.innerHTML = 'Hello, DOM!';
element.style.backgroundColor = '#f9f9f9';Feel free to set as many properties as you'd like — this is a good chance to look around and explore different properties of DOM elements!
But notice that no matter what properties we add, the element doesn't show up on the page. What gives?
To get an element to appear in the DOM, we have to append it to an existing DOM
node. We can start as high up on the tree as document.body, or we can find a
more specific element using any of the techniques we've learned for traversing
the DOM. Let's append element to body to start:
document.body.appendChild(element);If you've been following along, you should see "Hello, DOM!" on the page now
(and it should have a light gray background).
We can continue to update element, since we have a reference to it:
element.style.textAlign = 'center';And now our element's text is centered.
We can append elements to that element:
var ul = document.createElement('ul');
for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
let li = document.createElement('li');
li.innerHTML = (i + 1).toString();
ul.appendChild(li);
}
element.appendChild(ul);Hm, that looks a bit ugly. Let's fix it
ul.style.textAlign = 'left';That's better.
Now let's remove one of those lis.
ul.removeChild(ul.querySelector('li:nth-child(2)'));Boom. Second element is gone.
What if we want to remove the whole unordered list (ul)?
We can just call remove() on the element itself:
ul.remove();And it's gone! Run learn submit to submit the your code before continuing to the next lesson.
View Creating And Inserting Nodes on Learn.co and start learning to code for free.
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