Linux-Command-CheatSheet

File Commands:

ls – directory listing
ls -al – formatted listing with hidden files
cd dir - change directory to dir
cd – change to home
pwd – show current directory
mkdir dir – create a directory dir
rm file – delete file
rm -r dir – delete directory dir
rm -f file – force remove file
rm -rf dir – force remove directory dir *
cp file1 file2 – copy file1 to file2
cp -r dir1 dir2 – copy dir1 to dir2; create dir2 if it doesn't exist
mv file1 file2 – rename or move file1 to file2 if file2 is an existing directory, moves file1 into directory file2
ln -s file link – create symbolic link link to file
touch file – create or update file
cat > file – places standard input into file
more file – output the contents of file
head file – output the first 10 lines of file
tail file – output the last 10 lines of file
tail -f file – output the contents of file as it grows, starting with the last 10 lines

Process Management:

ps – display your currently active processes
top – display all running processes
kill pid – kill process id pid
killall proc – kill all processes named proc *
bg – lists stopped or background jobs; resume a stopped job in the background
fg – brings the most recent job to foreground
fg n – brings job n to the foreground

File Permissions:

chmod octal file – change the permissions of file to octal, which can be found separately for user, group, and world by adding:
4 – read (r)
2 – write (w)
1 – execute (x)

Examples:

chmod 777 – read, write, execute for all
chmod 755 – rwx for owner, rx for group and world

SSH:

ssh user@host – connect to host as user
ssh -p port user@host – connect to host on port port as user
ssh-copy-id user@host – add your key to host for user to enable a keyed or passwordless login

Searching:

grep pattern files – search for pattern in files
grep -r pattern dir – search recursively for pattern in dir
command | grep pattern – search for pattern in the output of command
locate file – find all instances of file

System Info:

date – show the current date and time
cal – show this month's calendar
uptime – show current uptime
w – display who is online
whoami – who you are logged in as
finger user – display information about user
uname -a – show kernel information
cat /proc/cpuinfo – cpu information
cat /proc/meminfo – memory information
man command – show the manual for command
df – show disk usage
du – show directory space usage
free – show memory and swap usage
whereis app – show possible locations of app
which app – show which app will be run by default

Compression:

tar cf file.tar files – create a tar named file.tar containing files
tar xf file.tar – extract the files from file.tar
tar czf file.tar.gz files – create a tar with Gzip compression
tar xzf file.tar.gz – extract a tar using Gzip
tar cjf file.tar.bz2 – create a tar with Bzip2 compression
tar xjf file.tar.bz2 – extract a tar using Bzip2
gzip file – compresses file and renames it to file.gz
gzip -d file.gz – decompresses file.gz back to file

Network:

ping host – ping host and output results
whois domain – get whois information for domain
dig domain – get DNS information for domain
dig -x host – reverse lookup host
wget file – download file
wget -c file – continue a stopped download

Installation:

Debian

dpkg -i pkg.deb

RPM

rpm -Uvh pkg.rpm

CentOS

yum install pkg

Ubuntu

apt update
apt upgrade
apt install pkg

Node.js, Javascript package manager

npm install

Install from source:

./configure
make
make install

Shortcuts:

Ctrl+C – halts the current command
Ctrl+Z – stops the current command, resume with
fg in the foreground or bg in the background
Ctrl+D – log out of current session, similar to exit
Ctrl+W – erases one word in the current line
Ctrl+U – erases the whole line
Ctrl+R – type to bring up a recent command
!! - repeats the last command
exit – log out of current session

Port and socket

CentOS older

netstat - Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships

-a, --all Show both listening and non-listening (for TCP this means established connections) sockets. With the --interfaces option, show interfaces that are not up

--numeric , -n Show numerical addresses instead of trying to determine symbolic host, port or user names.

-p, --program Show the PID and name of the program to which each socket belongs.

netstat -anp | grep :8

https://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/5.1/Deployment_Guide/s1-server-ports.html

CentOS 7 netstat, which is part of the package net-tools has been officially

deprecated, so you should be using ss (part of the package iproute2), going forward.

ss -anp | grep :8443

https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/385500/36816

ss -lnpt 'sport = :3000'

-l, --listening Display only listening sockets (omitted by default).

-n, --numeric Do not try to resolve service names.

-p, --processes Show process using socket.

-t, --tcp Display TCP sockets.

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