lisaychuang / map-dispatch-to-props-readme-v-000

Redux: Map Dispatch To Props

Introduction

So as you remember, mapStateToProps() gives us a degree of separation of concerns by allowing us to not reference our store in our component when retrieving the state. So it moved us towards having our state management in one part of our code, and our display of our state management in a different part. In other words, it started the process of removing knowledge of Redux inside our components.

What prevented us from fully removing a reference to Redux inside our components was that we did not know how to dispatch actions without calling store.dispatch() from our component. Well, in this lesson we'll learn how to do just that. We'll remove knowledge of the store from our components by using a function similar to mapStateToProps(), which is called mapDispatchToProps().

Identifying the Problem

So we're back to using the same codebase as we used in our mapStateToProps() readme. Essentially, inside the ./src/App.js file, you can see that clicking on a button dispatches an action to the store. In the mapStateToProps() readme, we changed our code such that we no longer reference the store to get an updated state of the items, but we still do reference the store to dispatch the action. If you look at the line inside the handleOnClick function, you'll see the culprit:

// ./src/app.js
...

handleOnClick(){
  this.props.store.dispatch(addItem())
}

...

Ok, so this may seem small, but it introduces our old problem. Our component is no longer indifferent about its state management system. Instead, this line of code makes the component reliant on Redux.

Well we can fix this problem with our connect() function. Just like we can write code like connect(mapStateToProps)(App) to add new props to our App component, we can pass connect() a second argument, and add our action creator as props. Then we can reference this action creator as a prop to call it from our component. We'll spend the rest of this lesson unpacking the previous sentence. Ok, let's see how this works.

Using mapDispatchToProps

We use mapDispatchToProps() by passing our connect() function a second argument that adds new props to the function, that point to action creators. So updating our ./src/App.js file, it looks like the following:

// ./src/App.js

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import './App.css';
import { connect } from 'react-redux';
import { addItem } from  './actions/items';

class App extends Component {

  handleOnClick = event => {
    this.props.addItem()
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <div className="App">
        <button onClick={this.handleOnClick}>
          Click
          </button>
        <p>{this.props.items.length}</p>
      </div>
    );
  }
};

const mapStateToProps = (state) => {
  return {
    items: state.items
  };
};

const mapDispatchToProps = dispatch => {
  return {
    addItem: () => {
      dispatch(addItem())
    }
  };
};

export default connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(App);

Ok, so let's see what adding our mapDispatchToProps() function, and passing it through as a second argument accomplished. We'll place in another debugger in our component, right below the word render. Now, boot up the app, open up your console and when you hit the debugger statement, type in this.props.addItem. You'll see that it returns a function with dispatch inside. So just like with mapStateToProps() we added a prop that pointed to a value, here we add a prop addItem that points to the value, a function. The dispatch function is available as an argument to mapDispatchToProps. By including the dispatch, we've bundled everything we need into a single prop value.

So now we can change our code such that when the handleOnClick() function gets called, we execute our action creator by referencing it as a prop. Here's the code:

// ./src/App.js

...

handleOnClick = event => {
  this.props.addItem()
}

...

So this code calls the handleOnClick() function after the button is clicked. The handleOnClick() references and then executes the addItem() function by calling this.props.addItem().

There is an even simpler way to approach bundling our actions and dispatch into props. The second argument of connect will accept a function (as we've seen) or an object. If we pass in a function, mapDispatchToProps(), we must incorporate dispatch. If we pass in an object, connect handles this for us!

App then changes to look like the following:

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import './App.css';
import { connect } from 'react-redux';
import { addItem } from  './actions/items';

class App extends Component {

  handleOnClick = event => {
    this.props.addItem()
  }

  render() {
    debugger
    return (
      <div className="App">
        <button onClick={this.handleOnClick}>
          Click
          </button>
        <p>{this.props.items.length}</p>
      </div>
    );
  }
};

const mapStateToProps = (state) => {
  return {
    items: state.items
  };
};

export default connect(mapStateToProps, { addItem })(App);
/* ES6 shorthand lets us pass in *one* value that will be read as the key and value */

We could go further and get rid of mapStateToProps() as well, and handle it all in one line:

export default connect(state => ({ items: state.items }), { addItem })(App);

Default Dispatch Behavior

In addition to this, as per Dan Abramov, the creator of Redux:

By default mapDispatchToProps is just dispatch => ({ dispatch }). So if you don't specify the second argument to connect(), you'll get dispatch injected as a prop in your component.

This means that if we were to simply write:

export default connect(state => ({ items: state.items }))(App);

...we would still have this.props.dispatch() available to us in App. If you would rather write this.props.dispatch({ type: 'INCREASE_COUNT' }) in App, or pass dispatch down to children, you can!

Resources

• Dan Abramov Stack Overflow Response about mapDispatchToProps

Summary

In this lesson we saw that we can remove all reference to our store from our component via the mapDispatchToProps() function. We saw that mapDispatchToProps() allows us to bring in actions, combine them with dispatch and connect events on our page to actions in our store.