luniumluk / tira

a Tiny physically based renderer (Ray tracer)

Tira

A Tiny Physically Based Renderer for ZJU Computer Graphics 2022 Course Project to do Path Tracing with CPU & GPU (GLSL Compute Shader)

Course Page - only available in ZJU internal network

Gallery

Model	Rendered Image	Description
cornell-box (course)		4096 SPP, 2048x2048, by RTX 2070s in 41 mins.
staircase (course)		512 SPP, 2560x1440, by RTX 2070s in 24 mins.
veach-mis (course)		8192 SPP, 2560x1440, by RTX 2070s in 3 hours 20 mins.
CornellBox-Original		16384 SPP, 2048x2048, by RTX 2070s in 34 mins.
CornellBox-Water		512 SPP, 2048x2048, by RTX 2070s in 29 mins.
CornellBox-Sphere		512 SPP, 1024x1024, by RTX 2070s.
CornellBox-Oak		64 SPP, 1024x1024, by RTX 2070s in 5 mins 24 secs.
sponza		64 SPP, 2400x1600, by RTX 2070s in 23 mins (lit by sunlight).
fireplace_room		512 SPP, 2400x1600, by RTX 2070s in 4 hours.
teapot		2048 SPP, 1024x1024, by RTX 2070s in 9 mins (lit by sunlight).
teapot		4096 SPP, 2048x2048, by RTX 2070s in 48 mins (lit by envmap).
geometry sets (created by blender)		2048 SPP, 2048x2048, by GTX 960 in 36 mins.

Features

• Basic ray tracing utilities (math, geometry, transform) from scratch
• BVH/Octree acceleration structures
• Load provided scene (.obj + .xml)
• Primitives (sphere)
• Directional light & Environment map support
• Whitted style ray tracer
• Monte Carlo path tracer
• Bidirectional path tracer
• Materials (Blinn-Phong BRDF + Disney BRDF + Glass BSDF)
• GPU acceleration (OpenGL compute shader)

Bidirectional Path Tracing

Images from certain paths from Bidirectional Path Tracing. The scene features a directional area light and a glass egg in cornell box, the spread of the directional light is about 25.8 degree. The images are rendered in 400x320, with 8 SPP. Camera path length increases from left to right and the total path length increases from top to bottom.

Egg in cornell box scene, rendered in 800x640, with 256 SPP. The image in the left is rendered by bidirectional path tracing, the image in the right is rendered by unidirectional Monte-Carlo path tracing.

More results of bidirectional method (lower row) comparing to unidirectional method (upper row). The unidirectional results are rendered 4 times the SPP of the bidirectional results so that they are rendered in approximately the same time. Images of column 1 is original cornell box with light facing up; Images of column 2 feature a glass sphere (ior=1.5) with directional light; Image of column 3 and 4 feature a diamond (ior=2.5) in cornell box.

Note: Bidirectional Path Tracing currently only implemented in CPU version.

Compile and Run

Visual Studio

Open Tira.sln with Visual Studio 2022 (or other version, need to retarget the project), select Tira_CPU or Tira_GPU as startup project and build. The Executable file Tira_CPU.exe and Tira_GPU.exe will be output to root directory. Use parameter to render other scene:

./Tira_CPU.exe cornell-box
./Tira_GPU.exe cornell-box

Note: the {SCENE}.obj and {SCENE}.xml must be placed under Asset/{SCENE}/ folder. Go to Asset/CornellBox-Original folder for an example.

Note Compile this project in release mode for performance

Cmake

mkdir Build
cd Build
cmake ..
make

GPU Version

This project also provided an GPU version for path trace acceleration. The GPU version is dependent on the CPU version for acceleration sturcture construction.

To compile the GPU version, open Tira.sln in Visual Studio 2022 (or other version) and set Tira_GPU as startup project and build. The executable file Tira_GPU.exe will be output to the root directory. Use command line as follow:

Tira_GPU.exe cornell-box

XML Extension

I extend the original xml file for the following additional info:

<!-- 
  Integrator settings:
    - spp: Samples per Pixel
    - mis: Use MIS in renderer
    - maxbounce: Max bounce or depth in renderer
    - robustlight: Enable light to be intersect with larger tollerance
    - type: Type of integrator 'whitted' | 'mc' | 'bdpt'
      = clamp: Clamp settings, clamp each samples to suppress fireflies 
-->
<integrator spp="256" mis="false" maxbounce="8" robustlight="false" type="mc">
  <clamp min="0.0" max="1000.0" />
</integrator>
<!-- 
  Scene settings:
    - scale: Scale the scene in case the scene is too small or too large
    - accel: Acceleration structure type 'bvh' | 'octree'
    - dirlight: Area lights as directional emitters
    - dirsolidangle: Directional emitters' solid angle
-->
<scene scale="1.0" accel="bvh" dirlight="false" dirsolidangle="0.1" />
<!-- 
  Envmap settings:
    - url: URL of envmap, envmap must be in equirectangular projection
    - scale: Scale of envmap intensity
-->
<envmap url="asset/envmap/indoor.exr" scale="1.0" />
<!-- 
  Sunlight settings:
    - direction: Direction toward sun
    - radiance: Sun radiance
    - solidangle: Sun solid angle
-->
<sunlight direction="0.8, 1.0, -0.5" radiance="20, 20, 20" solidangle="0.0687" />
<!-- 
  Sphere primitive (Currently only available in CPU version):
    - mtlname: Material name as in .mtl file
    - center: Sphere center position (in world coordinates)
    - radius: Sphere radius (in world coordinates)
-->
<sphere mtlname="material_0" center="0.0, 1.0, 1.0" radius="0.1" />
<!-- 
  GPU compute shader kernel settings:
    - size: Tile size
    - macro: Shader additional macros
-->
<kernel size="64" macro="" />

Thirdparty Liberaries

• stb https://github.com/nothings/stb
  • read & write image
• tinyexr https://github.com/syoyo/tinyexr
  • read exr image
• tinyobjloader https://github.com/tinyobjloader/tinyobjloader
  • read obj file
  • Note: modified in line 2210 for this project:

  if (token[0] == 'T' && token[1] == 'r' && IS_SPACE(token[2])) {
      token += 2;
  
      // Interpret Tr as transmittance for this project.
      real_t r, g, b;
      parseReal3(&r, &g, &b, &token);
      material.transmittance[0] = r;
      material.transmittance[1] = g;
      material.transmittance[2] = b;
  
      // ...
      continue;
  }

• pugixml https://github.com/zeux/pugixml
  • read xml file
• Poisson Disk Points Generator https://github.com/corporateshark/poisson-disk-generator
  • generate poisson disk

Reference

[1] Peter Shirley et al., Ray Tracing in One Weekend Series, https://raytracing.github.io/

[2] Matt Pharr et al., Physically Based Rendering: From Theory To Implementation, https://www.pbr-book.org/

[3] Jason Lawrence, Importance Sampling of the Phong Reflectance Model, https://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall16/cos526/papers/importance.pdf

[5] Brian Karis, Specular BRDF Reference, http://graphicrants.blogspot.com/2013/08/specular-brdf-reference.html

[6] Walt Disney Animation Studios, BRDF Explorer, https://github.com/wdas/brdf

[7] Eric Veach, Robust Monte Carlo Methods for Light Transport Simulation, Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University, December 1997, http://graphics.stanford.edu/papers/veach_thesis/