Download the tar ball from the official homepage.
Make sure to always use the latest version (currently: 1.12.2). Older versions (1.8 and below) may result in unintentional problems, especially with non-native datatypes like logical.
Installation for e.g. gnu compiler is done via
tar xf hdf5-x.y.z.tar.gz
cd hdf5-x.y.z
CC=gcc
FC=gfortran
mkdir /home/USER/opt
./configure --enable-fortran --prefix=/home/USER/opt/hdf5-x.y.z_gcc
make
make check
make install
For more detailed library information please refer to [Libraries and tools reference].
Compile the file hdf5_wrapper.F90 with proper linking to your local hdf5 library.
In your program use the binding use hdf5_wrapper to use the wrapper (see test_example.f90).
A minimalistic compilation script can be found in compile_gfortran.sh and compile_ifort.sh.
This wrapper tries to mimic unix-like behavior: Group and dataset access is done with typical unix-like path formalism
(/ is the root folder; nested groups can be created via /group1/group2) similarly to the Python library h5py.
The data read-in routines can be used by simply providing allocatable data arrays of the most commonly used datatypes in Fortran (see below).
Please note that there are no dimensionality or datatype checks. While the majority of routines are subroutines (call keyword required)
some are simple functions which either return logical or integer datatypes.
These are marked accordingly in Summary of commands.
One of the biggest pitfalls when handling hdf5 files with Fortran is the implicit data transposition.
While languages like C and Python employ row-major ordering, Fortran employs column-major ordering.
This must be kept in mind when interfacing these languages.
Creating a three-dimensional dataset with a shape of [4, 8, 2] via this wrapper will naturally result
in an array shape with a full transposition [2, 8, 4] in C, Python, and tools like h5ls provided by the HDF5 library.
Inspecting hdf5 files from the shell can easily be done with h5ls. Some helpful flags include
h5ls -lr: (r)ecursively (l)ist all groups and datasetsh5ls -vlr: (v)erbosely and (r)ecursively (l)ist everything (this includes attributes, datatypes, etc.)h5ls -d: inspect the (d)ata directly by simply appending the full unix-like path after the file without space (e.g.file.hdf5/group1/dset)
| hdf5 command | description |
|---|---|
hdf5_init() |
initialize hdf5 interface |
hdf5_finalize() |
close hdf5 interface |
hdf5_create_file(fname) |
create hdf5 file |
hdf5_open_file(fname, ifile [,rdonly]) |
open hdf5 file |
hdf5_close_file(ifile) |
close hdf5 file |
fname represents a Fortran string (character array) while ifile is a an integer of the
integer(hid_t) (hence we also need to make the hdf5 library available outside the wrapper).
program filehandling
use hdf5
use hdf5_wrapper
integer(hid_t) :: ifile
call hdf5_init()
call hdf5_create_file('test.hdf5')
call hdf5_open_file('test.hdf5', ifile)
call hdf5_close_file(ifile)
call hdf5_finalize()
end program
| hdf5 command | description |
|---|---|
hdf5_create_group(ifile, gname) |
create group(s) (parents included) |
hdf5_list_groups(ifile, gname) |
get list of groups |
hdf5_get_number_groups(ifile, gname) |
get number of lists |
hdf5_group_exists(ifile, gname) |
check if specific group exists |
We are able to create groups by simply providing the file identifier ifile and the full (unix-like) path.
The wrapper checks for the existence of parent groups and creates them if they do not exist.
program groups
use hdf5
use hdf5_wrapper
integer(hid_t) :: ifile
integer :: ngroups
character(len=100), allocatable :: list(:)
call hdf5_init()
call hdf5_create_file('test.hdf5')
call hdf5_open_file('test.hdf5', ifile)
call hdf5_create_group(ifile, '/group1/group2/group3')
call hdf5_create_group(ifile, '/group1/group4')
call hdf5_create_group(ifile, '/group1/group5')
write(*,*) hdf5_group_exists(ifile, 'group1/group2')
! the list array gets allocated and afterwards contains the group names
call hdf5_list_groups(ifile, '/group1', list)
ngroups = hdf5_get_number_groups(ifile, '/group1') ! 3
call hdf5_close_file(ifile)
call hdf5_finalize()
end program
The resulting file can be inspected by h5ls -lr.
| hdf5 command | description |
|---|---|
hdf5_read_data(ifile, dname, adata) |
read data from dataset |
hdf5_write_data(ifile, dname, data) |
write datasets from arrays |
hdf5_list_datasets(ifile, group, list) |
get list of datasets |
hdf5_get_number_datasets(ifile, group) |
get number of datasets |
hdf5_dataset_exists(ifile, group) |
check if specific dataset exists |
hdf5_get_dimensions(ifile, dataset) |
get number of dimensions |
hdf5_get_shape(ifile, dataset, shape_array) |
get shape in form of an array |
The dataset functions work in the same way as the group functions. One can create datasets with a full (unix-like) path where, again, the non-existent parent groups are created on the fly. We provide wrappers for the following datatypes for datasets:
logicalintegerreal(4)real(8)complex(4)complex(8)
The in/output is supported for all possible 0D to 7D (Fortran maximum) arrays. The readin functions
work the same way, only that we have to provide an allocatable array with the matching dimensionality instead.
Please note that there is neither a check for matching datatypes nor a check for matching dimensions.
From the above list HDF5 natively supports only integer, real(4), and real(8). logical, complex(4),
and complex(8) on the other hand must be constructed manually. In order to achieve maximum compatibility
with h5py (supported datatypes) the identical structures are employed:
| hdf5 datatype | internal |
|---|---|
logical |
HDF5 enum (0: FALSE, 1: TRUE) - h5t_native_b8 |
integer |
h5t_native_integer |
real(4) |
h5t_native_real |
real(8) |
h5t_native_double |
complex(4) |
HDF5 struct ("r", "i") - h5t_native_real |
complex(8) |
HDF5 struct ("r", "i") - h5t_native_double |
program datasets
use hdf5
use hdf5_wrapper
complex(8) :: a(3,5,2) = (1.2d0, 0.2d0)
complex(8), allocatable :: b(:,:,:)
integer(hid_t) :: ifile
integer :: ngroups, dimensions
character(len=100), allocatable :: list(:)
integer, allocatable :: hdf_shape(:)
call hdf5_init()
call hdf5_create_file('test.hdf5')
call hdf5_open_file('test.hdf5', ifile)
call hdf5_write_data(ifile, '/group1/group2/dataset', a)
write(*,*) hdf5_data_exists(ifile, '/group1/group2/dataset')
call hdf5_read_data(ifile, '/group1/group2/dataset', b)
! same as for the groups
call hdf5_list_datasets(ifile, '/group1/group2', list)
ngroups = hdf5_get_number_datasets(ifile, '/group1/group2') ! 1
! dimensions and shape
call hdf5_get_shape(ifile, '/group1/group2/dataset', hdf_shape)
dimensions = hdf5_get_dimensions(ifile, '/group1/group2/dataset')
call hdf5_close_file(ifile)
call hdf5_finalize()
end program
| hdf5 command | description |
|---|---|
hdf5_write_attribute(ifile, location, attr_name, attribute) |
write attribute |
hdf5_read_attribute(ifile, location, attr_name, variable) |
read attribute |
hdf5_attribute_exists(ifile, location, attr_name) |
check if specific attribute exists |
hdf5_get_number_attributes(ifile, location) |
get number of attributes |
hdf5_list_attributes(ifile, location, list) |
get list of attributes |
Attributes additionally support strings of variable size:
logicalintegerreal(4)real(8)complex(4)complex(8)character(len=*)
Attributes can be attached to both groups and datasets. For this reason we forgo automatic parent group creation. Any non-existence of objects will trigger an error. Please note that the written strings will be byte strings within Python.
program attributes
use hdf5
use hdf5_wrapper
integer :: x = 3
real(8) :: y
call hdf5_init()
call hdf5_create_file('test.hdf5')
call hdf5_open_file('test.hdf5', ifile)
call hdf5_write_data(ifile, '/group1/dataset', x)
! attach to root
call hdf5_write_attribute(ifile, '/', 'attr_root', .true.)
! attach to existing group
call hdf5_write_attribute(ifile, '/group1', 'attr_name1', 1.23d0)
! attach to existing dataset
call hdf5_write_attribute(ifile, '/group1/dataset', 'attr_name2', 'astring')
! read the above attribute into the variable y
call hdf5_read_attribute(ifile, '/group1', 'attr_name1', y)
call hdf5_close_file(ifile)
call hdf5_finalize()
end program
| hdf5 command | description |
|---|---|
hdf5_delete(ifile, location) |
delete group/dataset |
hdf5_delete_attribute(ifile, location, attr_name) |
delete attribute |
Deletion of datasets and groups is internally done simply by unlinking the objects.
| command | description | function |
|---|---|---|
hdf5_init() |
initialize hdf5 interface | - |
hdf5_finalize() |
close hdf5 interface | - |
hdf5_create_file(fname) |
create hdf5 file | - |
hdf5_open_file(fname, ifile [,rdonly]) |
open hdf5 file | - |
hdf5_close_file(ifile) |
close hdf5 file | - |
hdf5_create_group(ifile, gname) |
create group(s) (parents included) | - |
hdf5_list_groups(ifile, gname) |
get list of groups | - |
hdf5_get_number_groups(ifile, gname) |
get number of lists | yes (integer) |
hdf5_group_exists(ifile, gname) |
check if group exists | yes (logical) |
hdf5_read_data(ifile, dname, adata) |
read data from dataset | - |
hdf5_write_data(ifile, dname, data) |
write datasets from arrays | - |
hdf5_dataset_exists(ifile, group) |
check if dataset exists | yes (logical) |
hdf5_list_datasets(ifile, group, list) |
get list of datasets | - |
hdf5_get_number_datasets(ifile, group) |
get number of datasets | yes (integer) |
hdf5_get_dimensions(ifile, dataset) |
get number of dimensions | yes (integer) |
hdf5_get_shape(ifile, dataset, shape_array) |
get shape in form of an array | - |
hdf5_write_attribute(ifile, location, attr_name, attribute) |
write attribute | - |
hdf5_read_attribute(ifile, location, attr_name, variable) |
read attribute | - |
hdf5_attribute_exists(ifile, location, attr_name) |
check if attribute exists | yes (logical) |
hdf5_get_number_attributes(ifile, location) |
get number of attributes | yes (integer) |
hdf5_list_attributes(ifile, location, list) |
get list of attributes | - |
hdf5_delete(ifile, location) |
delete group/dataset | - |
hdf5_delete_attribute(ifile, location, attr_name) |
delete attribute | - |
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