mrworf / rainfall

Raspberry Pi controlled irrigation system for cheap

rainfall

A python based sprinkler system which uses any raspberry pi connected to a relay board of your choice to control the sprinkler valves.

disclaimer

I take no responsibility for any loss or problems that may come from using this software or following the instructions.

While I test and use this myself, there are many moving parts which could go wrong. Please take care in wiring and using this.

background

I was using 2 x EzFlower. EzFlower is an insteon based 8 channel relay. The logic for the sprinklers still has to be implemented by you. A fun exercise to be sure (at best it uses an if/this/else/that flow).

But keyword in that above paragraph is "was". This week, one of my boxes died. After a lot of grumbling and cussing about having to cough up another $120 to keep it running, I decided to review my options.

Using a standard rainbird like when we got the house seemed a no-go since they usually have too few zones or lack sophistication when it comes to scheduling. Going all out for a modern wifi enabled solution with enough zones (I need at least 11) would cost nearly $200.

Instead decided to go my own way. I had a Raspberry Pi 2B lying around, and I found that for $10 you could get a nice 8 channel relay board. And given the amount of GPIOs on RPi, you can get between 16 or 24 zones without any extra work (each board requires 8 GPIOs).

hardware

This means you can build a 24 channel network enabled sprinkler system for about $60.

All you need is:

• Raspberry Pi (Zero Wireless ~$20)
• Memory card (noname ~$10)
• 3 x ELEGOO 8 Channel DC 5V (~$10)

And there you go. This assumes you have a suitable 5v USB powersupply already (which most of you probably do)

what does it do

Bootstrap style UX for add/edit/remove of sprinkler stations with a simple programming interface. All stations have the following options:

• Duration (minutes)
• Cycles (minimum 1 or it won't run)
• Days (which days, every, every other)
• Shift (to allow sprinklers to run on different days if they have the same schedule)

Next, you can select when on the day it should run the program, with one distinction. As usual you can decide at which time it should start, but you can also choose to have it run so it will finish by a certain time.

This means if you want to be sure all sprinklers are done by 4am, now you can. The system may start the program at 1.35am to reach that goal (based on your schedules).

installation

Install Raspbian Buster Lite

• Go to raspberrypi.org and download their latest image
• Write the image onto your SD card using Etcher

Setup your environment

• Boot the RPi using the image you just wrote to the SD Card
• Setup your network as needed (so you can run headless)
• Change the pi default password (raspberry) to something harder
• Update your OS

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y

• Install the needed software

sudo apt install git python3-gpiozero python3-flask python3-flask-httpauth

• You may want to install the SSH server as well to allow remote administration

sudo apt install openssh-server

• Open /boot/config.txt file with an editor as root

sudo nano -w /boot/config.txt

• Find dtparam=audio=on and add a hash in-front of it, like so: #dtparam=audio=on
• To enable usage of all the GPIOs, go to the end of the file and add the following

gpio=2-26=op,dh

• Save and exit (hint, CTRL-X then y and ENTER)

Install the software

• Start by cloning the software from github.com. Make sure you're in the home directory first

cd
git clone https://github.com/mrworf/rainfall.git

Any question about making the connection is normal since this is the first time. Simply agree and the download will commence.

• Run the installer

cd rainfall
sudo ./install.sh

• Done! Time to power off and connect the hardware

sudo poweroff

connecting hardware

Wiring a ELEGOO 8 channel board to the RPi

The board has a number of pins, we'll connect 10 of them.

• GND will be connected to any of the ground pins on the raspberry pi

• IN1 through IN8 can be connected to any of the GPIO pins labelled 2 through 26.
• VCC will be connected to one of the two 5V outputs on the Raspberry Pi.

Make a note of which GPIOs going to which pin on the ELEGOO board since we'll need that when adding the sprinklers to the UX.

Wiring the sprinklers to the ELEGOO board

Each relay on the board has 3 connections (this is simplified)

• ON (left)
• OUTPUT (middle)
• OFF (right)

What it means is that the OUTPUT (middle) is connected to OFF (right) when the GPIO is low. When GPIO is high, OUTPUT is connected to ON (left).

What we want to do is to use the ON and OUTPUT connections. This makes sure that the relays won't power the sprinkler valves if the raspberry pi is off.

Sprinkler valves use 24 VAC (AC current) and that means that all we need to do is send the current to the right sprinkler.

All sprinklers will have a common lead, this should be wired directly to the AC power supply. The individual leads from the sprinklers should be connected to the individual relay's OUTPUT terminal. Lastly, the ON terminal on each relay should all be powered by the other terminal on the AC power supply.

In the end, it may look something like this:

Powering up

PLEASE DOUBLECHECK ALL CONNECTIONS, YOU DON'T WANT 24 VAC REACHING THE RPI

Connecting the AC power should not have any effect. If your sprinklers go off, you've probably wired it to the OFF state instead which means power is sent to the OUTPUT when no signal is sent from the raspberry pi.

Once all looks good, power off the AC again and power up the Raspberry Pi.

If you hear alot of relay clacking after doing this, it means you missed the step with configuring the GPIOs as mentioned above. Luckily you didn't have the AC connected so nothing happened. Please revisit the install steps above.

Otherwise, if the relay boards are quiet and no leds on (which indicate an ON state), feel free to connect the AC again. You are now ready to configure the software.

I have more than 8 zones

Simply wire a second ELEGOO board as described above. By default, all Raspberry Pis have two 5V outputs on the board making this an easy task (as long as you note down the GPIOs being used).

I have more than 16 zones

Cool. First of all, you need a Raspberry Pi Zero, 3 or 4 to do this. The older RPis simply don't have all the GPIOs exposed. Secondly, there won't be any more 5V outputs to easily tap into, so you'll have to find it somewhere else, or simply splice into one of the existing 5V leads.

There should be enough GND and GPIOs that you will essentially have 2 GPIOs left over once done.

Is there any more photos?

Yes, please visit my photo album

using it

The service runs on port 7770 by default, so once your raspberry is running, point your web browser to the address of the device like so: http://my.device.address:7770/

Adding your first sprinkler

• Press "Add sprinkler" button This will open a dialog to define a sprinkler

Here you need to enter a name and a pin.

• name Can be whatever you want
• pin Refers to the GPIO pin on the Raspberry Pi

Continue to add the sprinklers you wired up. Don't worry, it will stop you from double using the GPIOs

Setting a schedule

• Press "Other settings" This will open a dialog where you can choose how the start time is calculated as well as the time it uses.

rainfall's Issues

FR: Audit trail

Changes to the sprinklers as well as when they run should be saved to an audit trail should you need to go back and see what it did and what was changed.

FR: Access control

Since we need to share this with gardeners, it should be possible to create accounts which will allow any/all of the following:

Control of:

• schedule of one or many sprinklers
• boost
• suspend
• when it should run (and what scheduler)
• Enable/disable one or more sprinklers

There will not be access to the admin parts, meaning

• Adding/removing sprinklers
• Changing GPIOs

All changes done by any user should be logged by the audit trail, including logins

Implement more times for runtime

There are currently increments of 5 minutes on the run time category for each sprinkler.

It would be good to see every minute up to 20 minutes, and then an increment of 5 minutes up to 60 minutes.

FR: Must be able to boost program

It should be possible to set a boost on the program.

What that means is that it should be possible to request a 10-100% increase in watering for X times and it will simply run each step of the program longer. The boost should be either duration (xxx% more) or cycles (X cycles more) or a combination of the two.

The boost should stay in-effect for up-to 30 days (again, definable from 1-30 days).

BUG: Cannot change GPIO

Once GPIO has been assigned to a sprinkler, it is not possible to change it. This must be allowed.

FR: Better adding of sprinklers

Adding a sprinkler should:

• Allow testing of the GPIO chosen
• Warn user if this GPIO is in-use (and by what)

FR: Rain sensing

Just like you can boost, there should be an option to suspend the program anywhere from 1-30 days.