This cheatsheet is a list of our most used Git commands, and it countains useful information for those who are getting started.
Glossary
Keywords
Description
git
Open-source distributed version-control system, used to store code in repositories
GitHub, GitLab and Bitbucket
Platform for hosting and collaborating on Git repositories
staging
Proposed files/directories that you'd like to commit
commit
Saving all staged files/directories to your local repository
branch
An independent line of development, so you can develop features isolated from each other. Master branch is the default.
clone
Local version of a repository, including all commits and branches
remote
Common repository on eg. Github that all team members to keep that changes in sync with
fork
Copy of a repository owned by a different user
pull request
A method of submitting contributions to a repository
HEAD
Represents your current working directory
Configuration
Key/Command
Description
git config --global user.name [name]
Set author name to be used for all commits
git config --global user.email [email]
Set author email to be used for all commits
git config color.ui true
Enables helpful colorization of command line output
Core Commands
Key/Command
Description
git init [directory]
Creates new local repository
git clone [repo]
Creates local copy of remote repository
git add [directory]
Stages specific [directory]
git add [file]
Stages specific [file]
git add -A
Stages all changed files
git add .
Stages new and changed files, NOT deleted files
git add -u
Stages changed and deleted files, NOT new files
git commit -m "[message]"
Commit everything that is staged
git status
Shows status of changes as untracked, modified or staged
Synchronization of Changes
Key/Command
Description
git fetch
Downloads all history from the remote branches
git merge
Merges remote branch into current local branch
git pull
Downloads all history from the remote branch and merges into the current local branch
git push
Pushes all the commits from the current local branch to its remote equivalent
Tip: git pull is the combination of git fetch and git merge
Undo Changes
Key/Command
Description
git checkout -- [file]
Replace file with contents from HEAD
git revert [commit]
Create new commit that undoes changes made in [commit], then apply it to the current branch
git reset [file]
Remove [file] from staging area
git reset --hard HEAD
Removes all local changes in working directory
git reset --hard [commit]
Reset your HEAD pointer to previous commit and discard all changes since then
Branches
Key/Command
Description
git branch [branch]
Create a new branch
git checkout [branch]
Switch to that branch
git checkout -b [branch]
Create and checkout new branch
git merge [branch]
Merge [branch] into current branch
git branch -d [branch]
Deletes the [branch]
git push origin [branch]
Push [branch] to remote
git branch
Lists local branches
git branch -r
Lists remote branches
git branch -a
Lists local and remote branches
History
Key/Command
Description
git log
Lists version history for the current branch
git log --author=[name]
Lists version history for the current branch from certain author
git log --oneline
Lists compressed version history for the current branch
git show [commit]
Outputs metadata and content changes of the specified commit
git blame [file]
Shows who changed what and when in file
Gitignore
You can list files/directories that you want to explicitely exclude from Git in a .gitignore file. This file should be placed at the root of your repository.
It is noted that people usually exclude dependency caches, such as node_modules, system files, such as .DS_Store, among others.
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