The internationalization (i18n) library for Angular.
Simple example using ngx-translate: https://stackblitz.com/github/ngx-translate/example
Get the complete changelog here: https://github.com/ngx-translate/core/releases
First you need to install the npm module:
npm install @ngx-translate/core --saveChoose the version corresponding to your Angular version:
| Angular | @ngx-translate/core | @ngx-translate/http-loader |
|---|---|---|
| 16+ | 15.x+ | 8.x+ |
| 13+ (ivy only) | 14.x+ | 7.x+ |
| 10/11/12/13 | 13.x+ | 6.x+ |
| 9 | 12.x+ | 5.x+ |
| 8 | 12.x+ | 4.x+ |
| 7 | 11.x+ | 4.x+ |
| 6 | 10.x | 3.x |
| 5 | 8.x to 9.x | 1.x to 2.x |
| 4.3 | 7.x or less | 1.x to 2.x |
| 2 to 4.2.x | 7.x or less | 0.x |
Finally, you can use ngx-translate in your Angular project. You have to import TranslateModule.forRoot() in the root NgModule of your application.
The forRoot static method is a convention that provides and configures services at the same time.
Make sure you only call this method in the root module of your application, most of the time called AppModule.
This method allows you to configure the TranslateModule by specifying a loader, a parser and/or a missing translations handler.
import {BrowserModule} from '@angular/platform-browser';
import {NgModule} from '@angular/core';
import {TranslateModule} from '@ngx-translate/core';
@NgModule({
imports: [
BrowserModule,
TranslateModule.forRoot()
],
bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }If you use a SharedModule that you import in multiple other feature modules,
you can export the TranslateModule to make sure you don't have to import it in every module.
@NgModule({
exports: [
CommonModule,
TranslateModule
]
})
export class SharedModule { }Note: Never call a
forRootstatic method in theSharedModule. You might end up with different instances of the service in your injector tree. But you can useforChildif necessary.
When you lazy load a module, you should use the forChild static method to import the TranslateModule.
Since lazy loaded modules use a different injector from the rest of your application, you can configure them separately with a different loader/compiler/parser/missing translations handler.
To make a child module extend translations from parent modules use extend: true. This will cause the service to also
use translations from its parent module.
You can also isolate the service by using isolate: true. In which case the service is a completely isolated instance (for translations, current lang, events, ...).
Otherwise, by default, it will share its data with other instances of the service (but you can still use a different loader/compiler/parser/handler even if you don't isolate the service).
@NgModule({
imports: [
TranslateModule.forChild({
loader: {provide: TranslateLoader, useClass: CustomLoader},
compiler: {provide: TranslateCompiler, useClass: CustomCompiler},
parser: {provide: TranslateParser, useClass: CustomParser},
missingTranslationHandler: {provide: MissingTranslationHandler, useClass: CustomHandler},
isolate: true
})
]
})
export class LazyLoadedModule { }By default, there is no loader available. You can add translations manually using setTranslation but it is better to use a loader.
You can write your own loader, or import an existing one.
For example you can use the TranslateHttpLoader that will load translations from files using HttpClient.
To use it, you need to install the http-loader package from @ngx-translate:
npm install @ngx-translate/http-loader --saveOnce you've decided which loader to use, you have to setup the TranslateModule to use it.
Here is how you would use the TranslateHttpLoader to load translations from "/assets/i18n/[lang].json" ([lang] is the lang that you're using, for english it could be en):
import {NgModule} from '@angular/core';
import {BrowserModule} from '@angular/platform-browser';
import {HttpClientModule, HttpClient} from '@angular/common/http';
import {TranslateModule, TranslateLoader} from '@ngx-translate/core';
import {TranslateHttpLoader} from '@ngx-translate/http-loader';
import {AppComponent} from './app';
// AoT requires an exported function for factories
export function HttpLoaderFactory(http: HttpClient) {
return new TranslateHttpLoader(http);
}
@NgModule({
imports: [
BrowserModule,
HttpClientModule,
TranslateModule.forRoot({
loader: {
provide: TranslateLoader,
useFactory: HttpLoaderFactory,
deps: [HttpClient]
}
})
],
bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }If you want to configure a custom TranslateLoader while using AoT compilation or Ionic, you must use an exported function instead of an inline function.
export function createTranslateLoader(http: HttpClient) {
return new TranslateHttpLoader(http, './assets/i18n/', '.json');
}
@NgModule({
imports: [
BrowserModule,
HttpClientModule,
TranslateModule.forRoot({
loader: {
provide: TranslateLoader,
useFactory: (createTranslateLoader),
deps: [HttpClient]
}
})
],
bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }@NgModule({
imports: [
BrowserModule,
TranslateModule.forRoot({
defaultLanguage: 'en'
})
],
providers: [
],
bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }import {Component} from '@angular/core';
import {TranslateService} from '@ngx-translate/core';
@Component({
selector: 'app',
template: `
<div>{{ 'HELLO' | translate:param }}</div>
`
})
export class AppComponent {
param = {value: 'world'};
constructor(translate: TranslateService) {
// this language will be used as a fallback when a translation isn't found in the current language
translate.setDefaultLang('en');
// the lang to use, if the lang isn't available, it will use the current loader to get them
translate.use('en');
}
}Once you've imported the TranslateModule, you can put your translations in a json file that will be imported with the TranslateHttpLoader. The following translations should be stored in en.json.
{
"HELLO": "hello {{value}}"
}You can also define your translations manually with setTranslation.
translate.setTranslation('en', {
HELLO: 'hello {{value}}'
});The TranslateParser understands nested JSON objects. This means that you can have a translation that looks like this:
{
"HOME": {
"HELLO": "hello {{value}}"
}
}You can then access the value by using the dot notation, in this case HOME.HELLO.
You can either use the TranslateService, the TranslatePipe or the TranslateDirective to get your translation values.
With the service, it looks like this:
translate.get('HELLO', {value: 'world'}).subscribe((res: string) => {
console.log(res);
//=> 'hello world'
});This is how you do it with the pipe:
<div>{{ 'HELLO' | translate:param }}</div>And in your component define param like this:
param = {value: 'world'};You can construct the translation keys dynamically by using simple string concatenation inside the template:
<ul *ngFor="let language of languages">
<li>{{ 'LANGUAGES.' + language | translate }}</li>
</ul>Where languages is an array member of your component:
languages = ['EN', 'FR', 'BG'];You can also use the output of the built-in pipes uppercase and lowercase in order to guarantee that your dynamically generated translation keys are either all uppercase or all lowercase. For example:
<p>{{ 'ROLES.' + role | uppercase | translate }}</p>role = 'admin';will match the following translation:
{
"ROLES": {
"ADMIN": "Administrator"
}
}This is how you use the directive:
<div [translate]="'HELLO'" [translateParams]="{value: 'world'}"></div>Or even simpler using the content of your element as a key:
<div translate [translateParams]="{value: 'world'}">HELLO</div>You can easily use raw HTML tags within your translations.
{
"HELLO": "Welcome to my Angular application!<br><strong>This is an amazing app which uses the latest technologies!</strong>"
}To render them, simply use the innerHTML attribute with the pipe on any element.
<div [innerHTML]="'HELLO' | translate"></div>-
currentLang: The lang currently used -
currentLoader: An instance of the loader currently used (static loader by default) -
onLangChange: An EventEmitter to listen to lang change events. ALangChangeEventis an object with the propertieslang: string&translations: any(an object containing your translations).example:
onLangChange.subscribe((event: LangChangeEvent) => { // do something });
-
onTranslationChange: An EventEmitter to listen to translation change events. ATranslationChangeEventis an object with the propertieslang: string&translations: any(an object containing your translations).example:
onTranslationChange.subscribe((event: TranslationChangeEvent) => { // do something });
-
onDefaultLangChange: An EventEmitter to listen to default lang change events. ADefaultLangChangeEventis an object with the propertieslang: string&translations: any(an object containing your translations).example:
onDefaultLangChange.subscribe((event: DefaultLangChangeEvent) => { // do something });
setDefaultLang(lang: string): Sets the default language to use as a fallbackgetDefaultLang(): string: Gets the default languageuse(lang: string): Observable<any>: Changes the lang currently usedgetTranslation(lang: string): Observable<any>: Gets an object of translations for a given language with the current loadersetTranslation(lang: string, translations: Object, shouldMerge: boolean = false): Manually sets an object of translations for a given language, setshouldMergeto true if you want to append the translations instead of replacing themaddLangs(langs: Array<string>): Add new langs to the listgetLangs(): Returns an array of currently available langsget(key: string|Array<string>, interpolateParams?: Object): Observable<string|Object>: Gets the translated value of a key (or an array of keys) or the key if the value was not foundgetStreamOnTranslationChange(key: string|Array<string>, interpolateParams?: Object): Observable<string|Object>: Returns a stream of translated values of a key (or an array of keys) or the key if the value was not found. Without anyonTranslationChangeevents this returns the same value asgetbut it will also emit new values whenever the translation changes.stream(key: string|Array<string>, interpolateParams?: Object): Observable<string|Object>: Returns a stream of translated values of a key (or an array of keys) or the key if the value was not found. Without anyonLangChangeevents this returns the same value asgetbut it will also emit new values whenever the used language changes.instant(key: string|Array<string>, interpolateParams?: Object): string|Object: Gets the instant translated value of a key (or an array of keys). /!\ This method is synchronous and the default file loader is asynchronous. You are responsible for knowing when your translations have been loaded and it is safe to use this method. If you are not sure then you should use thegetmethod instead.set(key: string, value: string, lang?: string): Sets the translated value of a keyreloadLang(lang: string): Observable<string|Object>: Calls resetLang and retrieves the translations object for the current loaderresetLang(lang: string): Removes the current translations for this lang. /!\ You will have to calluse,reloadLangorgetTranslationagain to be able to get translationsgetBrowserLang(): string | undefined: Returns the current browser lang if available, or undefined otherwisegetBrowserCultureLang(): string | undefined: Returns the current browser culture language name (e.g. "de-DE" if available, or undefined otherwise
If you want to write your own loader, you need to create a class that implements TranslateLoader. The only required method is getTranslation that must return an Observable. If your loader is synchronous, just use Observable.of to create an observable from your static value.
class CustomLoader implements TranslateLoader {
getTranslation(lang: string): Observable<any> {
return Observable.of({KEY: 'value'});
}
}Once you've defined your loader, you can provide it in your configuration by adding it to its providers property.
@NgModule({
imports: [
BrowserModule,
TranslateModule.forRoot({
loader: {provide: TranslateLoader, useClass: CustomLoader}
})
],
bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }Another custom loader example with translations stored in Firebase
By default, translation values are added "as-is". You can configure a compiler that implements TranslateCompiler to pre-process translation values when they are added (either manually or by a loader). A compiler has the following methods:
compile(value: string, lang: string): string | Function: Compiles a string to a function or another string.compileTranslations(translations: any, lang: string): any: Compiles a (possibly nested) object of translation values to a structurally identical object of compiled translation values.
Using a compiler opens the door for powerful pre-processing of translation values. As long as the compiler outputs a compatible interpolation string or an interpolation function, arbitrary input syntax can be supported.
You can setup a provider for the MissingTranslationHandler in the bootstrap of your application (recommended), or in the providers property of a component. It will be called when the requested translation is not available. The only required method is handle where you can do whatever you want. If this method returns a value or an observable (that should return a string), then this will be used. Just don't forget that it will be called synchronously from the instant method.
You can use useDefaultLang to decide whether default language string should be used when there is a missing translation in current language. Default value is true. If you set it to false, MissingTranslationHandler will be used instead of the default language string.
Create a Missing Translation Handler
import {MissingTranslationHandler, MissingTranslationHandlerParams} from '@ngx-translate/core';
export class MyMissingTranslationHandler implements MissingTranslationHandler {
handle(params: MissingTranslationHandlerParams) {
return 'some value';
}
}Setup the Missing Translation Handler in your module import by adding it to the forRoot (or forChild) configuration.
@NgModule({
imports: [
BrowserModule,
TranslateModule.forRoot({
missingTranslationHandler: {provide: MissingTranslationHandler, useClass: MyMissingTranslationHandler},
useDefaultLang: false
})
],
providers: [
],
bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }If you need it for some reason, you can use the TranslateParser service.
-
interpolate(expr: string | Function, params?: any): string: Interpolates a string to replace parameters or calls the interpolation function with the parameters.This is a {{ key }}==>This is a valuewithparams = { key: "value" }(params) => \This is a ${params.key}` ==>This is a valuewithparams = { key: "value" } -
getValue(target: any, key: string): any: Gets a value from an object by composed keyparser.getValue({ key1: { keyA: 'valueI' }}, 'key1.keyA') ==> 'valueI'
If you're using npm 2.x, upgrade to npm 3.x, because npm 2 doesn't handle peer dependencies well. With npm 2 you could only use fixed versions, but with npm 3 you can use ^ to use a newer version if available.
If you're already on npm 3, check if it's an error (npm ERR!) or a warning (npm WARN!), warning are just informative and if everything works then don't worry !
If you're using an old version of Angular and ngx-translate requires a newer version then you should consider upgrading your application to use the newer angular 2 version. There is always a reason when I upgrade the minimum dependencies of the library. Often it is because Angular had a breaking changes. If it's not an option for you, then check the changelog to know which version is the last compatible version for you.
If you want to reload the translations and see the update on all your components without reloading the page, you have to load the translations manually and call setTranslation function which triggers onTranslationChange.
- Localize Router by @meeroslav: An implementation of routes localization for Angular. If you need localized urls (for example /fr/page and /en/page).
- .po files Loader by @biesbjerg: Use .po translation files with ngx-translate
- browser.i18n Loader by @pearnaly: loader for native translation files of browser extensions.
- ngx-translate-extract by @biesbjerg: Extract translatable strings from your projects
- MessageFormat Compiler by @lephyrus: Compiler for ngx-translate that uses messageformat.js to compile translations using ICU syntax for handling pluralization, gender, and more
- ngx-translate-zombies by @seveves: A vscode extension that finds unused translation keys and shows them in a diff view (so called zombies).
- ngx-translate-multi-http-loader by @denniske: Fetch multiple translation files with ngx-translate.
- ngx-translate-cache by @jgpacheco: Simplified version of localize-router. If you are already using localize-router you don't need this extension. This extension is aimed only to facilitate language caching.
- ngx-translate-module-loader by @larscom: Fetch multiple translation files (http) with ngx-translate. Each translation file gets it's own namespace out of the box and the configuration is very flexible.
- ngx-translate-all by @irustm: Automate translations for Angular projects.
- ngx-translate-migrate by @irustm: Automate migrations from ngx-translate to Angular i18n.
- ngx-translate-lint by @svoboda-rabstvo: Simple CLI tools for check ngx-translate keys in whole app
- ngx-translate-cut by @bartholomej: Simple and useful pipe for cutting translations โ๏ธ
- BabelEdit โ translation editor for JSON files
- Translation Manager โ Progressive web-app, translation editor for JSON files
- Crowdl.io โ Free translation management and crowd-translations tool with support for JSON files
- ngx-translate-editor - Simple GUI for CRUD translate files of
ngx-translate, which includedngx-translate-lint - tl8.io - A multi-platform application to enable the whole product team, including non-developers, to modify translations. WYSIWYG interface. Results can be downloaded as JSON and copied in the project as is.
- Generate Translation by @thiagocordeirooo: A visual studio code extension for you to generate the translations without leaving the current file.
- Lingua by @chr33z: A visual studio code extension to help managing translations for ngx-translate - featuring inline translation lookup and in-place translation creation and editing.
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