js2php
js2php uses PHPEG to parse Javascript and then translates resulting AST to PHP code as closely as possible.
Building
PHP code in build/ in repository should be always up-to-date with code src/. However
if you make any changes to src/ files, you have to run:
$ ./util/jake build
To completely rebuild js2php, all its utilities and run tests:
$ ./util/jake all
JSInterpreter
Interface to js2php.
__construct($code, $file = NULL)
Creates new instance with given $code. Optional $file parameter tells compiler
from which Javascript file the code is.
compile()
Returns compiled PHP code. Compiled code can't be run without image, be sure to
include src/image.php first if you want to run compiled code yourself. Throw
Exception if parsing failed.
run(array $vars = array())
Compiles Javascript code using compile() and then runs it. If $vars argument
is supplied, variables from $vars are added to the global object of script.
$interpreter = new JSInterpreter(' return "hello, " + who + "!"; ');
echo $interpreter->run(array('who' => 'world')); // prints: hello, world!
Compiled code
Javascript has six types: undefined, null, boolean, string, number, and object.
Null, boolean, string and number values are represented as PHP null, boolean, string,
and number values. There is no undefined equivalent in PHP, so undefined is
represented by instance of JSUndefined class (declared in image/00_prologue.js).
Javascript objects are lists of properties. There are two types of properties - data
properties, and accessor properties. A data property is simple mapping from key to
value. An accessor property is accessed by calling getter and setter. Every property
also has attributes. Javascript objects are represented by instances of stdClass
like this:
Javascript:
var object = {
undef: undefined,
null: null,
t: true,
f: false,
one: 1,
hello: "world"
};
Object.defineProperty(object, "theAnswer", {
get: function () { return 42; },
set: function () { throw Error("Nope!") }
});
PHP:
$object = (object) array(
'properties' => array(
'undef' => JS::$undefined, // instance of JSUndefined
'null' => NULL,
't' => TRUE,
'f' => FALSE,
'one' => 1,
'hello' => 'world',
),
'attributes' => array(
'undef' => JS::WRITABLE | JS::ENUMERABLE | JS::CONFIGURABLE,
'null' => JS::WRITABLE | JS::ENUMERABLE | JS::CONFIGURABLE,
't' => JS::WRITABLE | JS::ENUMERABLE | JS::CONFIGURABLE,
'f' => JS::WRITABLE | JS::ENUMERABLE | JS::CONFIGURABLE,
'one' => JS::WRITABLE | JS::ENUMERABLE | JS::CONFIGURABLE,
'hello' => JS::WRITABLE | JS::ENUMERABLE | JS::CONFIGURABLE,
'theAnswer' => JS::HAS_GETTER | JS::HAS_SETTER,
),
'getters' => array(
'theAnswer' => (object) array( ... 'call' => ... ),
),
'setters' => array(
'theAnswer' => (object) array( ... 'call' => ... ),
),
'prototype' => (object) array( ... )
);
Functions are objects too. They are different only that they have call property.
Eeach function declaration and expression results in new PHP function in compiled
code. Compiled functions are named _<hash of AST>_<counter>. They have 4
parameters: reference to global object, reference to this, reference to function
itself, and array of arguments. Also for each Javascript function a new function
object is created.
Javascript:
function sayHello() {
console.log("hello, world!");
}
PHP:
// sayHello
function _a123456789_1($global, $leThis, $fn, $args) { ... }
// global code is also compiled into an function; its name always ends with "_0"
function _a123456789_0($global)
{
// ...
$_sayHello = (object) array(
// ...
'call' => '_a123456789_1',
'prototype' => $_Function->properties['prototype'],
// ...
);
// ...
}
JSCompiler->__invoke($ast, $options = array()) generates PHP code from the AST.
There are two possible generation types. They are specified by $options's
generate option. One is string. Then __invoke() returns string consisting of
concatenated function declarations followed by return "_a123456789_0";, thus
returning a function name of global code. The string does not start with PHP open tag
and so it can be fed directly to eval(). To evaluate contents of file foo.js:
$parser = new JSParser;
list(,$ast) = $parser(file_get_contents("foo.js"), array("file" => "foo.js"));
$compiler = new JSCompiler;
// "generate" => "string" option does not need to be specified, string is default
$code = $compiler($ast);
$entryPoint = eval($code);
$entryPoint(JS::$global);
The other is object. Then __invoke() returns stdClass object with properties
functions, and main. functions is an array of function names associated to
their PHP code. main is a name of the Javascript's global code generated function.
To evaluate contents of file foo.js:
$parser = new JSParser;
list(,$ast) = $parser(file_get_contents("foo.js"), array("file" => "foo.js"));
$compiler = new JSCompiler;
$code = $compiler($ast, array("generate" => "object"));
eval(implode("\n", $code->functions));
$entryPoint = $code->main;
$entryPoint(JS::$global);
JSCompiler->__invoke() makes hash of given AST and if main function of the tree _<hash>_0
already exists (function_exists()), JSCompiler won't compile AST again, it will just return
return '_<hash>_0';, or (object) array("functions" => array(), "main" => "_<hash>_0"). If you want to even though generate PHP code for all functions, set forceoption toTRUE`.
Extensions to Javascript syntax
To be able to more easily interoperate with PHP, js2php added to Javascript syntax
PHP statement and expression. Both are delimited by @@.
var foo = "foo",
bar = @@ substr(`foo, 0, 1) @@; // `foo expands to foo Javascript variable
@@ assert(`bar === "f"); @@ // `bar expands to bar Javascript variable
The image
The image (build/image.php) contains pre-compiled Javascript code from src/image/
directory, and JSParser and JSCompiler classes. Sources in src/image/ initialise runtime
environment - create Javascript built-in objects etc.
The image's first line is PHP open tag (<?php), all other lines are class and function
declarations. The last line foreach's serialized objects and fills JS::* static properties
with them.
PHP interoperability
js2php can very well interoperate with PHP, JS::fromNative() and JS::toNative()
are here to help. In js2php vocabulary native language is PHP, host language is Javascript.
JS::fromNative() can translate any value from PHP world to Javascript. Null,
boolean, integer, float, and string types are left as they are. Arrays with numerical
indexes and empty arrays are converted to Javascript Array objects. Other arrays and stdClass
objects get converted to Object objects as if created by object literal.
For other PHP objects their Javascript counterparts are created. Only public object methods
get imported. Also for methods starting with get and set are created accessor properties.
__toString method is renamed to toString.
Javascript:
@@
class Foo
{
public $propertyFoo;
protected $propertyBar;
private $secret = "my secret";
static function doSomething() { ... }
public function __construct() {}
public function getSecret() { return $this->secret; }
public function setSecret($newSecret) { $this->secret = $newSecret; return $this; }
protected function getPropertyBar() { ... }
private function doSomethingNobodyElseCanDo() { ... }
public function __toString() { return "FOO!!!"; }
}
@@
var o = @@ JS::fromNative(new Foo) @@;
dump(typeof o.propertyFoo); // undefined
dump(typeof o.propertyBar); // undefined
dump(typeof o.secret); // string
dump(o.secret); // my secret
o.secret = "new secret";
dump(o.secret); // new secret
dump(o.setSecret("another secret").toString()); // [object Foo]
dump(o.getSecret()); // another secret
dump(typeof o.doSomething); // undefined
dump(typeof o.__construct); // undefined
dump(typeof o.getPropertyBar); // undefined
dump(typeof o.doSomethingNobodyElseCanDo); // undefined
dump("" + o); // FOO!!!
If PHP object is invokable (i.e. has mehod __invoke), instead of creating new object,
new function is created. Still other methods get added to the function object.
@@
class SayHello
{
public function __invoke($who) { return "Hello, $who!"; }
public function bar() { return "bar"; }
}
@@
var f = @@ JS::fromNative(new SayHello) @@;
dump(typeof f); // function
dump(f("world")); // Hello, world!
dump(f.bar()); // bar
var o = { f: f };
// this is bound to native object
dump(o.f("O")); // Hello, O!
Resources are converted to objects of class Native. Neither wrapped PHP objects,
nor resource objects are extensible. All properties are not configurable, too.
JS::toNative() takes Javascript value and converts to PHP. Undefined is converted
to NULL. So running JS::fromNative(JS::toNative(JS::$undefined)) is NULL, not
undefined again. Booleans, ints, floats and strings are left as they are. Array
objects get converted to arrays. PHP wrapped objects and resources are unwrapped.
Other objects are converted to stdClass objects, all enumerables properties are
exported.
From Javascript, you can access PHP functions and classes through PHP.fn(),
respectively PHP.cls(). See test/builtin/php.js for examples.
jake - build system (yet another make replacement)
js2php uses its own build system called jake. There are other systems called jake:
So, don't confuse them with js2php's.
jake looks for file named Jakefile in current directory and runs it. Jakefile is
just Javascript source file. In Jakefile you define tasks that can be run:
task("hello", function () {
dump("Hello, world!");
});
Then if you run jake:
$ ./util/jake
/home/jakub/Jakefile defines following tasks:
$ jake hello
$ ./util/jake hello
"Hello, world!"
Tasks can have description and accept arguments from command line:
Jakefile:
task("echo", "print given arguments", function () {
dump(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments));
});
shell:
$ ./util/jake
/home/jakub/Jakefile defined following tasks:
$ jake echo # print given arguments
$ ./util/jake echo foo bar baz
[ "foo", "bar", "baz" ]
Tasks can depend on each other:
Jakefile:
task("foo", "first string argument is always description, not dependency",
"bar", "baz",
function () {
dump("running foo");
});
task("bar", "",
"baz",
function () {
dump("running bar");
});
task("baz",
function () {
dump("running baz");
});
shell:
$ ./util/jake foo
=> bar
==> baz
"running baz"
==> ok
"running bar"
=> ok
"running foo"
If a task produces files as a result, it can depend on other files:
Jakefile:
task("build", "",
// result() marks that these are resulting files
// __dirname is an absolute path to the current directory
result(__dirname + "/build/*.php"),
// build task depends on these files
__dirname + "/src/*.js",
function () {
PHP.fn("glob")(__dirname + "/src/*.js").forEach(function (file) {
// run() executes given shell command
run("compile " + file + " " +
__dirname + "/build/" + PHP.fn("basename")(file, ".js") + ".php");
});
});
shell:
$ ./util/jake build
[ compile /home/jakub/src/foo.js /home/jakub/build/foo.php ]
[ compile /home/jakub/src/bar.js /home/jakub/build/bar.php ]
If a task proces files and has set result files, it is not run when the result files are
newer (within the meaning of filemtime()) than the dependant.
See js2php's Jakefile for examples.
jtest - testing system
jtest runs js2php's tests and reports results. Tests are plain Javascript files that
define tests to run using the test(name, callback) function. Tests are realized by assertions.
There are two functions for assertions - assert(test [, message]), and
assertEqual(a, b [, message]):
foo.js:
test("foo", function () {
assert(true);
});
bar.js:
test("bar", function () {
assertEqual(1, 2, "oh no!");
});
syntax-error.js:
test("error
shell:
$ ./util/jtest foo.js
.
>>>
>>> 1 passed, 0 failed to compile, 0 compiled code failed, 0 failed assert
>>>
$ ./util/jtest bar.js
>>>
>>> FILE: bar.js, TEST: bar
>>>
>>> assertion #1 failed: oh no!, <1> !== <2>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> 0 passed, 0 failed to compile, 0 compiled code failed, 1 failed assert
>>>
$ ./util/jtest syntax-error.js
>>>
>>> syntax error in syntax-error.js@1:12, expected [\"], "\\b", "\\f", "\\n", "\\r",
>>> "\\t", "\\v", "\\\\", "\\\"", "\\", "\\0", "\\x"
>>>
>>>
>>> 0 passed, 1 failed to compile, 0 compiled code failed, 0 failed assert
>>>
License
The MIT license
Copyright (c) 2012 Jakub Kulhan <[email protected]>
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
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