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Chemacs 2 is an Emacs profile switcher, it makes it easy to run multiple Emacs configurations side by side.
Think of it as a bootloader for Emacs.
Emacs intialization used to have a single entry point, either ~/.emacs or
~/.emacs.d/init.el. More recent Emacsen have introduced a second startup
script, ~/.emacs.d/early-init.el, which runs earlier in the boot process, and
can be used for things that should happen very early on, like tweaking the GC,
or disabling UI elements.
Chemacs 2 supports early-init.el, Chemacs 1 does not. This does also imply
that Chemacs 2 needs to be installed as ~/.emacs.d (a directory), rather than
simply linking it to ~/.emacs (a single file).
Emacs configuration is either kept in a ~/.emacs file or, more commonly, in a
~/.emacs.d directory. These paths are hard-coded. If you want to try out
someone else’s configuration, or run different distributions like Prelude or
Spacemacs, then you either need to swap out ~/.emacs.d, or run Emacs with a
different $HOME directory set.
This last approach is quite common, but has some real drawbacks, since now packages will no longer know where your actual home directory is.
All of these makes trying out different Emacs configurations and distributions needlessly cumbersome.
Various approaches to solving this have been floated over the years. There’s an Emacs patch around that adds an extra command line option, and various examples of how to add a command line option in userspace from Emacs Lisp.
Chemacs tries to implement this idea in a user-friendly way, taking care of the various edge cases and use cases that come up.
- Emacs 29 introduces [–init-directory](https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/emacs.git/log/?qt=grep&q=init-directory)
- [with-emacs.sh](https://github.com/alphapapa/with-emacs.sh) Emacs sandboxing shell script, works by adding a number of `–eval` flags to Emacs startup.
Clone the Chemacs 2 repository as $HOME/.emacs.d. Note that if you already
have an Emacs setup in ~/.emacs.d you need to move it out of the way first. If
you have an ~/.emacs startup script then move that out of the way as well.
[ -f ~/.emacs ] && mv ~/.emacs ~/.emacs.bak
[ -d ~/.emacs.d ] && mv ~/.emacs.d ~/.emacs.default
git clone https://github.com/plexus/chemacs2.git ~/.emacs.dNote that this is different from Chemacs 1. Before Chemacs installed itself as
~/.emacs and you could have your own default setup in ~/.emacs.d. This
approach no longer works because of ~/.emacs.d/early-init.el, so Chemacs 2
needs to be installed as ~/.emacs.d.
Next you will need to create a ~/.emacs-profiles.el file, for details see
below.
(("default" . ((user-emacs-directory . "~/.emacs.default"))))Chemacs adds an extra command line option to Emacs, --with-profile. Profiles
are configured in ~/.emacs-profiles.el.
If no profile is given at the command line then the environment variable
CHEMACS_PROFILE is used. If this environment variables isn’t set then the
default profile is used.
$ emacs --with-profile my-profileThere is an option for using profile that is not preconfigured in ~/.emacs-profiles.el. To accomplish that you can directly provide the profile via the command line, like so
$ emacs --with-profile '((user-emacs-directory . "/path/to/config"))'This method supports all the profile options given below.
This file contains an association list, with the keys/cars being the profile names, and the values/cdrs their configuration.
The main thing to configure is the user-emacs-directory
(("default" . ((user-emacs-directory . "~/.emacs.default")))
("spacemacs" . ((user-emacs-directory . "~/spacemacs"))))Chemacs will set this to be the user-emacs-directory in use, and load
init.el from that directory.
Other things you can configure
custom-file: The file where Customize stores its customizations. If this isn’t configured, and thecustom-filevariable is still unset after loading the profile’sinit.el, then this will get set to the profile’sinit.elserver-name: Sets theserver-namevariable, so you can distinguish multiple instances withemacsclient -s <server-name>.envAn association list of environment variables. These will get set before loading the profile, so they can influence the initialization, and they are visible to any subprocesses spawned from Emacs.straight-pEnable the Straight functional package manager.nix-elisp-bundleA directory containing elisp dependencies bundled by the nix package manager. The bundle path can be produced by nix using an expression like(emacs.pkgs.withPackages (p: [ p.avy … ])).deps. Because the bundle path is in the nix store, if it is specified in.emacs-profiles.elthen that file should also be maintained by nix, to prevent the path from being garbage-collected. Alternatively, a nix-generated script or alias could specifynix-elisp-bundleas a command-line argument.
Store .emacs-profiles.el together with your dotfiles. If you’re not yet keeping
a version controlled directory of dotfiles, then check out
connect-the-dots
for a helpful script to do that.
Where it is not possible to use the --with-profile flag or the CHEMACS_PROFILE
environment variable, the default profile can be set using a ~/.emacs-profile
file.
If your ~/.emacs-profiles.el file contains the following:
(("default" . ((user-emacs-directory . "~/.emacs.default")))
("spacemacs" . ((user-emacs-directory . "~/spacemacs")))
("prelude" . ((user-emacs-directory . "~/prelude"))))you can create a file called ~/.emacs-profile, containing the name of the
profile you’d like to be used when none is given on the command line:
$ echo 'spacemacs' > ~/.emacs-profileThis will set the default profile to be the “spacemacs” profile, instead of “default”. You can change the default by simply changing the contents of this file:
$ echo 'prelude' > ~/.emacs-profileIf this file doesn’t exist, then “default” will be used, as before.
Spacemacs is typically installed by cloning the Spacemacs repo to ~/.emacs.d,
and doing extra customization from ~/.spacemacs or ~/.spacemacs.d/init.el.
This makes it tedious to switch between version of Spacemacs, or between
different Spacemacs configurations.
With Chemacs you can point your user-emacs-directory to wherever you have
Spacemacs installed, and use the SPACEMACSDIR environment variable to point at
a directory with customizations that are applied on top of the base install.
(("spacemacs" . ((user-emacs-directory . "~/spacemacs")
(env . (("SPACEMACSDIR" . "~/.spacemacs.d")))))
("spacemacs-develop" . ((user-emacs-directory . "~/spacemacs/develop")
(env . (("SPACEMACSDIR" . "~/.spacemacs.d")))))
("new-config" . ((user-emacs-directory . "~/spacemacs/develop")
(env . (("SPACEMACSDIR" . "~/my-spacemacs-config"))))))You can add an entry similar to the following to your .emacs-profiles.el
In the following snippet ~/doom-emacs is where you have cloned doom emacs.
(Depending on when you read this) DOOMDIR support is only in develop branch of doom emacs. Check commit history of master branch of doom emacs
("doom" . ((user-emacs-directory . "~/doom-emacs")
(env . (("DOOMDIR" . "~/doom-config")))))Please refer to this discussion for details.
Both ~/.emacs-profiles.el and ~/.emacs-profile can also be stored under $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/chemacs (typically ~/.config/chemacs) as $XGD_CONFIG_HOME/chemacs/profiles.el and $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/chemacs/profile respectively.
Further, as indicated by the Emacs 27.1 changelog, Emacs is now compatible with XDG Standards, looking for its configuration files in ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/emacs directory too (provided the traditional ~/.emacs.d and ~/.emacs does not exist).
Therefore, it is perfectly viable to install Chemacs 2 in ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/emacs (usually ~/.config/emacs) directory - with the aforementioned caveat: the directory =~/.emacs.d”= and the file =”~/.emacs”= does not exist.
- Profiles
You can add an entry similar to the following to your .emacs-profiles.el
;; your custom or vanilla emacs profile
(("default" . ((user-emacs-directory . "~/.gnu-emacs")
(server-name . "gnu")
))
;; emacs distribution: DOOM-emacs
("doom" . ((user-emacs-directory . "~/.doom-emacs")
(server-name . "doom")
(env . (("DOOMDIR" . "~/.doom.d")))
))
)- daemon
Set emacs daemon to always run in background
# vanilla
emacs --daemon &
# Doom emacs
emacs --with-profile doom --daemon &- emacsclient
create a new frame, connect to the socket and use vanilla emacs as fallback
emacsclient -c -s gnu -a emacs
emacsclient -c -s doom -a emacsSome users have reported issues where packages installed by `straight.el` can no longer be found after switching to using `chemacs`.
First, make sure you haven’t hardcoded filepaths to “emacs.d” in your configuration. You should reference files inside a profile-specific emacs folder like this:
(setq some-var (expand-file-name "path/to/file" user-emacs-directory))Second, if the issue persists you should delete the `build` folder in your `straight` directory and rebuild your dependencies.
If the issue persists please comment on the issue, because we are still trying to figure out the exact source of this problem, but this has solved the problem for some users.
Copyright © Arne Brasseur and contributors, 2018-2022
Distributed under the terms of the GPL v3.
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