porticoexchange / lnpbps-1

LNP/BP Standards for Layer 2 & 3 protocols

LNP/BP Specifications

LNP/BP stands for "Bitcoin Protocol / Lightning Network Protocol". This set of specifications covers standards & best practices for Layer 2, 3 solutions (and above) in cases when they do not require soft- or hard-forks on the Bitcoin blockchain level and are not directly related to issues covered in Lightning Network RFCs (BOLTs).

Basically, LNP/BPs cover everything that can be anchored to Bitcoin transactions, defines primitives for L2+ solution design and describes complex use cases which can be built from some primitives. This allows such solutions as financial assets, storage, messaging, computing and different forms of secondary markets leveraging Bitcoin security model and Bitcoin as a method of payment/medium of exchange.

Criteria for a LNP/BP specification proposal:

• Should not be covered by existing or proposed BIPs
• Should not cause soft- or hard-fork in Bitcoin blockchain (but may depend on soft-forks from an existing BIP proposals)
• Should not distort Bitcoin miner's economic incentives
• Should not pollute Bitcoin blockchain with unnecessary non-transaction related data or have to maintain such pollution as low as possible
• Must not require a utility or security tokens to function (but may enable creation of digital assets or tokenized physical goods)
• Must not depend on non-bitcoin blockchains (but may be applicable to other blockchains)

List of current LNP/BP proposals

No	Vertical	Title	Authors	Type	Status
1	Cryptographic primitives	Key tweaking: collision-resistant elliptic curve-based commitments	Maxim Orlovsky et al	Standard	Proposal
2	Bitcoin protocol	Deterministic embedding of cryptographic commitments into bitcoin transaction output	Maxim Orlovsky et al	Standard	Proposal
3	Bitcoin protocol	Deterministic definition of transaction output containing cryptographic commitment	Giacomo Zucco et al	Standard	Proposal
4	Cryptographic primitives	Multi-message commitment scheme with zero-knowledge provable unique properties	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Proposal
5	Bitcoin protocol	Universal short Bitcoin identifiers for blocks, transactions and their inputs & outputs	Christian Decker, Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Proposal
6	Bitcoin protocol	Deterministic bitcoin commitments	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Draft
7	Consensus layer	Strict encoding	Peter Todd, Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Planned
8	Cryptographic primitives	Single-use-seals	Peter Todd, Maxim Orlovsky	Informational	Draft
9	Consensus layer	Client-side-validation	Peter Todd, Maxim Orlovsky	Informational	Draft
10	Bitcoin protocol	Bitcoin transaction output-based single-use-seals	Maxim Orlovsky et al	Standard	Proposal
11	Smart contracts	RGB: Client-validated confidential smart contracts using bitcoin transaction graphs for Bitcoin and Lightning Network	Maxim Orlovsky et al	Informational	Proposal
12	Consensus layer	RGB Schema: client-side validation rules for RGB smart contracts	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Planned
13	Consensus layer	RGB client-side verification and data serialization	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Planned
14	Smart contracts	Bech32 encoding for client-validated data	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Planned
15	Internet2	Handshake and encryption in network communications based on Noise_XK (BOLT-8 extract)	Multiple peers	Standard	Proposal
16	Internet2	LNPBP-15 handshake over WebSockets	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Planned
17	Internet2	Microservice interprocess communications	Maxim Orlovsky	Informational	Planned
18	Lightning network protocol	Native message framing protocol (BOLT-8 extract)	Multiple peers	Standard	Planned
19	Internet2	ZMQ-based RPC and ESB protocols for microservices	Multiple peers	Standard	Planned
20	Smart contracts	RGB fungible assets schema (RGB-20)	Multiple peers	Standard	Final
21	Smart contracts	RGB schema for NFTs representing ownership rights (RGB-21)	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Proposal
22	Smart contracts	RGB reputation and identity schema (RGB-22)	Maxim Orlovsky, Sabina Sachtachtinskagia	Standard	Draft
23	Smart contracts	RGB verifiable-unique history log for auditable data (RGB-23)	Maxim Orlovsky, Giacomo Zucco	Standard	Planned
24	Smart contracts	RGB-24 schema for decentralized global name system (DGNS)	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Planned
30	Smart contracts	RGB-wrapped native blockchain assets schema (RGB-30)	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Planned
25-29, 31	Reserved	For the future use by RGB schemata
32	Bitcoin	BIP-32 derivation path extension for read-only wallets	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Draft
33	Lightning network protocol	Lightspeed: micro-payments for Lightning Network	Maxim Orlovsky	Draft
34	Cryptographic primitives	Zero-knowledge arguments for data persistence using probabilistic checkable proofs	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Draft
35	Lightning network protocol	Bifrost: LN message extensions for RGB data propagation	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Planned
36	Internet2	Recommendations for API design	Maxim Orlovsky	Informational	Draft
37	Smart contracts	Invoicing formats for RGB-20 fungible assets schema	Alekos Filini	Standard	Rejected
38	Smart contracts	Universal LNP/BP invoices supporting Bitcoin, LN & RGB	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Draft
39	Bitcoin protocol	Bitcoin transaction output-based single-use-seals with sign-to-contract commitments	Maxim Orlovsky et al	Standard	Planned
40	Smart contracts	Storm: trustless storage with escrow contracts	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Draft
41	Lightning network protocol	Lightning network message extensions for Storm	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Planned
42	Internet2	Uniform encoding for internet2 addresses	Maxim Orlovsky	Draft
43	Bitcoin protocol	RGB-enabled BIP43 purpose field & identity system	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Draft
44	Bitcoin protocol	Script templating: BIP-32 & LNPBP-43 key derivations within for non-miniscript-compatible Bitcoin scripts	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Draft
45	Lightning network protocol	Lightning network message extensions for decentralized exchange functionality	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Planned
46	Lightning network protocol	Deterministic derivation paths for LNP	Maxim Orlovsky	Draft
47,48	Reserved		For future use by lightning network protocol extensions
49	Lightning network protocol	Synchronized multi-hop state updates via delegation in Lightning network	Maxim Orlovsky, Christian Decker	Standard	Planned
50	Lightning network protocol	Bifrost: generalized Lightning network protocol core	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Planned
51	Lightning network protocol	Bifrost: channel management protocol	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Draft
52	Lightning network protocol	Bifrost routed messaging system based on Sphix protocol	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Draft
53	Lightning network protocol	Milti-peer payment channels for Bifrost	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Draft
54	Lightning network protocol	Channel factories based on Bifrost protocol	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Draft
55	Lightning network protocol	HTLC channel synchronization in Bifrost	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Draft
56	Lightning network protocol	PTLC channel synchronization in Bifrost	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Draft
57	Lightning network protocol	Decentralized naming & name resolution system	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Planned
58	Cryptographic primitives	Apophis: distributed elliptic curve-based key creation with shared secrets	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Draft
59	Bitcoin protocol	Typhon: trustless Bitcoin sidechains	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Draft
60	Game theory	Ibiss: incentive-based interactive anonymous settlement scheme for computation integrity arguments	Maxim Orlovsky, Sabina Sachtachtinskagia	Informational	Draft
61	Game theory	Toth: incentive-based interactive settlement scheme for computation integrity arguments with reputation	Maxim Orlovsky, Sabina Sachtachtinskagia	Informational	Draft
62	Smart contracts	Prometheus: trustless multiparty computing with escrow & arbitration using Ibiss protocol on bitcoin blockchain	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Draft
63	Smart contracts	Prometheus+: trustless multiparty computing with escrow & arbitration using Ibiss2 protocol over LN with tokenized RGB reputation	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Planned
64-79	Reserved	For the future use by lightning network protocol extensions
80	Cryptographic primitives	Merkle mountain ranges	Peter Todd	Standard	Final
81	Cryptographic primitives	Tagged merkle trees for client-side-validation	Maxim Orlovsky, Peter Todd	Standard	Draft
82	Bitcoin protocol	OpenTimestamps bitcoin transaction commitments	Peter Todd	Standard	Final
83	Smart contracts	OpenTimestamps proof construction & verification	Peter Todd	Standard	Final
83	Smart contracts	OpenTimestamps proof serialization	Peter Todd	Standard	Final
84	Smart contracts	OpenTimestamps calendar and attestation services	Peter Todd	Standard	Final
85	Bitcoin protocol	Strict encoding of Bitcoin-related data types	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Planned
86	Smart contracts	AluVM: virtual machine for client-side-validation	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Draft
87	Smart contracts	AluVM extended instructions for handling RGB state validation	Maxim Orlovsky	Standard	Planned
88-89	Reserved	For future use by AluVM-specific standards
[90]	Cryptographic primitives	Signature tweaking: collision-resistant BIP340-based commitments	Maxim Orlovsky et al	Standard	Draft
[91]	Cryptographic primitives	Signature tweaking: collision-resistant ECDSA-based commitments	Maxim Orlovsky et al	Standard	Draft
92	Bitcoin protocol	Deterministic embedding of cryptographic commitments into transaction input	Maxim Orlovsky et al	Standard	Draft
93-99	Reserved	For future use
100	Bitcoin protocol	Scalable & confidential single-use-seal commitment layer 1	Standard	Brainstorming

Invited or planned proposals to join LNP/BP standards family

1. Discreet log contracts: deterministic transaction structure, embedding into lightning network, wire protocols
   • Specification effort
   • Lightning Discreet Log Contract Channels
2. Different pre-Schnorr schemes for scriptless scripts
3. Generalized lightning network standartisation and related eltoo and PTLC proposals

Verticals for LNP/BP proposals:

Name	Description	Examples
Cryptographic primitives	Basic cryptographic functions	Commitment schemes, zero knownledge
Consensus layer	Standards critical for consensus in distributed systems	Data encoding, validation rules
Internet2	Standards for end-to-end encrypted censorship-resistant networking communications (Internet2)	Network encryption and data serialization; virtual machines for distrubited systems
Bitcoin protocol	Changes at the level of bitcoin protocol	Commitments in bitcoin transactions, single-use-seals applications to bitcoin, layer 1 enhancements
Lightning network protocol	Changes to lighting-network related standards and state channel mechanics	New types of state channels, new lightning network message types, changes in channel transaction structure
Smart contracts	Distributed smart contract execution environment	Bitcoin scripts, scriptless scripts, RGB
Game theory	Game-theoretical setups for trustless protocols	Incentive schemes with bitcoin transactions & RGB smart contracts