rajkishorbgp / git

git command

all Git commands

As mentioned earlier, Git has many commands, options, and subcommands, and explaining every single command in detail would take a lot of time and space. However, here is a list of all Git commands with a brief explanation of what each command does:

Basic GIT Commands

The basic GIT commands are as follows:

• git config : It is used to set the name of the author and the email address which you want your commitment to addressing.

• git config –global user.email "[email address]" git config

• git init : It is used to start a new git repository. This is generally used at the beginning.

• git init [repo name] git init

• git clone : This command is used to clone or copy a repository from a URL. This URL generally is a bitbucket server, a stash or any other version control and source code management repository holding service.

• git clone [URL] git clone.

• git add : It is used to add a file to the staging area. Instead of choosing a single file name, you can also choose to give all filenames with an *.

• git add (filename) : add single file.

• git add . : add all file.

• ''git commit –m'' It is used to snapshot or record a file in its version history permanently.

git commit –m [type in a message] Giving a message text at the end of the commit command helps in identifying the details about the commit code.

git commit git commit –a: This commit command is used to commit any such file which has been added as a result of the git add command. It is also responsible for committing any other files to which you have brought a change to since then. git commit -a git commit -a git diff: As the name suggests, this command is used to display all the differences between the files until the changes have not yet been staged. git diff git diff git diff –staged: It is used to display all the differences between staging area files and the latest version, which might be present. git diff -staged git diff -staged git diff [first branch] [second branch]: This is a very effective command as it is used to display the differences present between the two branches. Generally, a single developer will be working on his individual branch, which will then be combined into a master branch. git diff [first branch] [second branch] git diff [first branch] [second branch] git reset [file]: This command, as the name suggests, is used to unstage a file. Even though it unstages the file, still the contents of the file have stayed intact. git reset [file] git reset [file] Intermediate GIT Commands The intermediate GIT commands are as follows:

Git reset [commit]: It is used to undo all the changes that have been incorporated as a part of a commit after a specified commit has taken place. This helps in saving the changes locally on the computer. git rest [commit] rest [commit] Git reset –hard [commit]: This command is used to discard all the history and takes us to the last specified commit. git reset –hard [commit] reset –hard [commit] Git status: This is one of the most frequently used as this is used to list down all the files which are ready to be committed. git status status Git rm: As in the Unix, rm is used to remove; in the same way, rm is used to delete the file from the present working directory and is also used to stage the deletion process. git rm [file] rm [file] Git log: This is used for listing down the version history for the current working branch. git log log git log –follow: This is similar to that of git log with the additional difference that it lists the version history for a particular file, which often includes the renaming of the file also. git log –follow [file] log –follow [file] git show: This is used to display the metadata and all the content related changes of a particular commit. git show [commit] show [commit] git tag: This is used to give particular tags to the code commits. git tag [commitID] tag [commitID] git branch: Git branch command is used to list down all the branches that are locally present in the repository. git branch git branch Git branch [branch-name]: This is used to create a new branch. Git branch [branch-name] branch [branch-name] Advanced Commands The advanced commands are as follows:

Git branch –d [branch name]: It is used to delete the current branch name specified. git branch –d [branch name] branch –d [branch name] Git checkout: It is helpful in switching from one branch to another. git checkout [branch-name] checkout [branch-name]

Configuration:

• git config: Used to set configuration values for Git.
• git config --global: Used to set global configuration values for Git.

Creating and Cloning Repositories:

• git init: Initializes a new Git repository in the current directory.
• git clone: Creates a local copy of a remote repository.

Basic Workflow:

• git add: Adds changes to the staging area.
• git commit: Records changes to the repository with a message describing the changes.
• git status: Shows the status of the current working directory.
• git diff: Shows the differences between the working directory and the staging area.
• git log: Shows the commit history.

Branching and Merging:

• git branch: Lists all local branches in the current repository.
• git checkout: Switches to a different branch.
• git merge: Merges two or more branches together.
• git rebase: Applies changes from one branch to another.
• git cherry-pick: Applies the changes of a single commit from one branch to another.

Collaboration:

• git fetch: Retrieves the latest changes from a remote repository.
• git pull: Fetches the latest changes and merges them into the current branch.
• git push: Pushes changes to a remote repository.
• git remote: Manages remote repositories.
• git submodule: Manages submodules within a repository.
• git clone --recursive: Clones a repository and its submodules.

Undoing Changes:

• git reset: Resets changes in the staging area.
• git revert: Reverts a commit and creates a new commit that undoes the changes.
• git clean: Removes untracked files from the working directory.
• git stash: Stashes changes temporarily, allowing you to switch branches without committing changes.

Viewing and Comparing Changes:

• git show: Shows the changes introduced by a commit.
• git blame: Shows who last modified each line of a file and when.
• git bisect: Finds the commit that introduced a bug.

Tags:

• git tag: Creates, lists, and deletes tags.
• git tag -a: Creates an annotated tag with a message describing the tag.

Git Hooks:

• pre-commit: Runs before a commit is made.
• post-commit: Runs after a commit is made.
• pre-rebase: Runs before a rebase is started.
• post-merge: Runs after a merge is completed.

Other Useful Commands:

• git archive: Creates a tar or zip archive of a repository.
• git blame: Shows who last modified each line of a file and when.
• git bisect: Finds the commit that introduced a bug.
• git grep: Searches the contents of files for a regular expression.
• git reflog: Shows a log of changes to the Git references (i.e. branches and tags).
• git fsck: Verifies the integrity of the Git repository.
• git remote add: Adds a remote repository.
• git remote rm: Removes a remote repository.
• git submodule add: Adds a submodule to a repository.
• git submodule init: Initializes a submodule.
• git submodule update: Updates the contents of a submodule.

These are some of the most commonly used Git commands that should be sufficient for most use cases. However