URLs
- Name all of the parts of the url that you can remember. In your own words describe what they do.
path, protocol, query, anchor, port, domain
- Name the pieces of the following urls:
https://www.google.com/https://workbook.galvanize.com/cohorts/41/learning_experiences/367http://locahost:5000/animals/puppies?onlycute=1&size=medium#firstpuppyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes#4xx_Client_Error
- Can a server use more than 1 port?
Yes.
- Why is https different than http?
It's Secure(TM)!
- How does a server interpret the following url's query paramter. What data structure does it create on the server?
http://locahost:5000/animals?puppies=fido&puppies=max&puppies=moxie
It creates an array from the three values.
HTTP Request/Response
- Name at least 4 http verbs
GET, POST, SEND, DELETE
- What is each verb useful for in your own words
GET is for, well, GETting a a resource from a server. DELETE deletes resources. POST submits info to a server that alters its state in some way. PUT updates information already on a server.
- What does idempotent mean?
You can make the same request multiple times without changing anything and you get the same result.
- Name the 5 http status code ranges. What are they used for in general?
1XX: What you want is on the way.
2XX: You got waht you requested. All is good.
3XX: What you want is somewhere else.
4XX: Your request was denied because you (the client) messed up.
5XX: Your request was denied because I (the server) messed up.
- If a server returns a http status code of 301 and a location of
https://www.google.com/, what does the browser do?
It will redirect you to Google.
- For the following HTTP headers, decide if the following header is used for requests, responses or both:
- Accept
Requests - Content-type
Requests and Responses - User-agent
Requests - Set-cookies
Responses - Cache-control
Requests - Cookie
Responses
- Accept
- Is the following a http request or response? How do you know for each?
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Vary: Accept
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 722
ETag: W/"2d2-Wu0We9N5g35FXWY+gOATLA"
Date: Tue, 08 Mar 2016 20:37:11 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/style.css">
<title>Student Roster</title>
</head>
<body>
<main>
<h1>Student Roster</h1>
<section>
<h3>Daenerys Targaryen</h3>
<span>Student Id: nys8fbohl</span>
<h4>Hobby: Motherhood</h4>
<img src="https://i.imgur.com/KlycRG5.jpg" alt="Daenerys Targaryen" />
</section>
<section>
<h3>Tyrion Lannister</h3>
<span>Student Id: njehukbohe</span>
<h4>Hobby: Traveling</h4>
<img src="https://i.imgur.com/fFMusdC.png" alt="Tyrion Lannister" />
</section>
</main>
</body>
</html>
This is a response. The HTTP 200 OK code lets you know the server has sent what was requested.
DELETE /students/n1vmyrw3x HTTP/1.1
Host: g22-students.herokuapp.com
Accept: application/json
Cache-Control: no-cache
Postman-Token: 0041e3c3-efdb-f0c3-b2f4-2d79f6d0f44b
This is a request. You can tell from the DELETE verb, which is requestion the server delete something on its end.
JSON
- Describe what JSON is. What is it used for.
JSON is JavaSript Object Notation. It's the data exchange format for the web. It's essentially a string that represents arrays and objects in JavaScript.
- Convert the following map into a javascript object then console log the age.
{ "company" : "Github", "age": 7, "categories" : "Services,Internet,Software"}
var jsonObj = JSON.parse('{ "company": "Github", "age": 7, "categories": "Services,Internet,Software"}');
console.log(jsonObj.age);
- Convert the following to a javascript object. Console log each company name.
{ "Companies":[ { "company": "Github", "age": 7, "categories": "Services,Internet,Software"},
{ "company": "Airbnb", "age": 6, "categories": "Hotels,Travel"},
{ "company": "Square", "age": 7, "categories": "FinTech,Hardware + Software,Finance"},
{ "company": "Dropbox", "age": 11, "categories": "Cloud Data Services,Storage,Web Hosting"}
]
}
var jsonComps = JSON.parse('{ "Companies":[ { "company": "Github", "age": 7, "categories": "Services,Internet,Software"}, { "company": "Airbnb", "age": 6, "categories": "Hotels,Travel"}, { "company": "Square", "age": 7, "categories": "FinTech,Hardware + Software,Finance"}, { "company": "Dropbox", "age": 11, "categories": "Cloud Data Services,Storage,Web Hosting"}]}');
var jsonObj = JSON.parse('{ "company": "Github", "age": 7, "categories": "Services,Internet,Software"}');
jsonComps.Companies.forEach(function(val){
console.log(val.company);
});
- The following is javascript. Convert the object to a string and console log it.
var myObj = {
company: "Galvanize",
age: 3,
categories: "Education"
};
console.log(JSON.stringify(myObj));
MISC
- Describe what DNS is.
DNS is a service that translates human-readable domain names into the numerical IP addresses that machines can use.
- In the terminal, type
man curl. Look at the man page for curl. What do the following flags do?-v,-X. (Hint: to search for a string, type/then the text you want, then enter. To quit the man page, typeq).
-v enables verbose mode, which shows what's going on under the hood. You'll see header data that would normally be hidden by curl. -X allows you to use HTTP verbs other than GET.
- What is TCP/IP? How does it interact with HTTP?
TCP/IP is a protocol that governs data transmission across the Internet. It is what delivers the packets that make up the data that HTTP uses.
- Does HTTP break the data that is being sent into small packets? If not, what protocol is responsible for it?
It does not. TCP/IP handles this, as it is a lower-level protocol.
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