Skycoin is a next-generation cryptocurrency.
Skycoin was written from scratch and designed over four years to realize the ideal of Bitcoin and represents the apex of cryptocurrency design. Skycoin is not designed to add features to Bitcoin, but rather improves Bitcoin by increasing simplicity, security and stripping out everything non-essential.
Some people have hyped the Skycoin Project as leading into "Bitcoin 3.0". The coin itself is not "Bitcoin 3.0", but is rather "Bitcoin 1.0". Bitcoin is a prototype crypto-coin. Skycoin was designed to be what Bitcoin would look like if it were built from scratch, to remedy the rough edges in the Bitcoin design.
- no duplicate coin-base outputs
- enforced checks for hash collisions
- simple deterministic wallets
- no transaction malleability
- no signature malleability
- removal of the scripting language
- CoinJoin and normal transactions are indistinguishable
- elimination of edge-cases that prevent independent node implementations
- <=10 second transaction times
- elimination of the need for mining to achieve blockchain consensus
- skycoin.com
- Skycoin Blog
- Skycoin Docs
- Skycoin Blockchain Explorer
- Skycoin Development Telegram Channel
- Skycoin Github Wiki
- Changelog
- Installation
- API Documentation
- Integrating Skycoin with your application
- Contributing a node to the network
- Creating a new coin
- Daemon CLI Options
- URI Specification
- Wire protocol user agent
- Offline transaction signing
- Deploy a public Skycoin API node with HTTPS
- Development
- Responsible Disclosure
Skycoin supports go1.14+.
Golang 1.14+ Installation/Setup
$ go get github.com/skycoin/skycoin/cmd/...This will download github.com/skycoin/skycoin to $GOPATH/src/github.com/skycoin/skycoin.
You can also clone the repo directly with git clone https://github.com/skycoin/skycoin,
but it must be cloned to this path: $GOPATH/src/github.com/skycoin/skycoin.
$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/skycoin/skycoin
$ make run-client$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/skycoin/skycoin
$ make run-helpExample:
$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/skycoin/skycoin
$ make ARGS="--launch-browser=false -data-dir=/custom/path" runThis is the quickest way to start using Skycoin using Docker.
$ docker volume create skycoin-data
$ docker volume create skycoin-wallet
$ docker run -ti --rm \
-v skycoin-data:/data/.skycoin \
-v skycoin-wallet:/wallet \
-p 6000:6000 \
-p 6420:6420 \
skycoin/skycoinThis image has a skycoin user for the skycoin daemon to run, with UID and GID 10000.
When you mount the volumes, the container will change their owner, so you
must be aware that if you are mounting an existing host folder any content you
have there will be own by 10000.
The container will run with some default options, but you can change them
by just appending flags at the end of the docker run command. The following
example will show you the available options.
$ docker run --rm skycoin/skycoin -helpAccess the API: http://localhost:6420/version.
The skycoin/skycoindev-cli docker image is provided in order to make easy to start developing Skycoin. It comes with the compiler, linters, debugger and the vim editor among other tools.
The skycoin/skycoindev-dind docker image comes with docker installed
and all tools available on skycoin/skycoindev-cli:develop docker image.
Also, the skycoin/skycoindev-vscode docker image is provided
to facilitate the setup of the development process with Visual Studio Code
and useful tools included in skycoin/skycoindev-cli.
Skycoin Integration Documentation
Add your node's ip:port to the peers.txt file.
This file will be periodically uploaded to https://downloads.skycoin.com/blockchain/peers.txt
and used to seed client with peers.
Note: Do not add Skywire nodes to peers.txt.
Only add Skycoin nodes with high uptime and a static IP address (such as a Skycoin node hosted on a VPS).
See the newcoin tool README
See the Skycoin Daemon CLI options
Skycoin URIs obey the same rules as specified in Bitcoin's BIP21.
They use the same fields, except with the addition of an optional hours parameter, specifying the coin hours.
Example Skycoin URIs:
skycoin:2hYbwYudg34AjkJJCRVRcMeqSWHUixjkfwYskycoin:2hYbwYudg34AjkJJCRVRcMeqSWHUixjkfwY?amount=123.456&hours=70skycoin:2hYbwYudg34AjkJJCRVRcMeqSWHUixjkfwY?amount=123.456&hours=70&label=friend&message=Birthday%20Gift
Additonally, if no skycoin: prefix is present when parsing, the string may be treated as an address:
2hYbwYudg34AjkJJCRVRcMeqSWHUixjkfwY
However, do not use this URI in QR codes displayed to the user, because the address can't be disambiguated from other Skyfiber coins.
Wire protocol user agent description
Before doing the offline transaction signing, we need to have the unsigned transaction created. Using the skycoin-cli tool to create an unsigned transaction in hot wallet, and copy the hex encoded transaction to the computer where the cold wallet is installed. Then use the skycoin-cli tool to sign it offline.
The skycoin-cli tool replys on the APIs of the skycoin node, hence we have to start the node before running the tool.
Go to the project root and run:
$ ./run-client.sh -launch-browser=falseOnce the node is started, we could use the following command to create an unsigned transaction.
$ skycoin-cli createRawTransactionV2 $WALLET_NAME $RECIPIENT_ADDRESS $AMOUNT --unsignNote: Don't forget the
--unsignflag, otherwise it would try to sign the transaction.
View Output
b700000000e6b869f570e2bfebff1b4d7e7c9e86885dbc34d6de988da6ff998e7acd7e6e14010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000007531184ad0afeebbff2049b855e0921329cb1cb74d769ac57c057c9c8bd2b6810100000000ed5ea2ca4fe9b4560409b50c5bf7cb39b6c5ff6e50690f00000000000000000000000000
Copy and save the generated transaction string. We will sign it with a cold wallet offline in the next section.
The skycoin node needs to have the most recently DB so that the user would not lose much coin hours when signing the transaction. We could copy the full synchronized data.db from the hot wallet to the computer where the cold wallet is installed. And place it in $HOME/.skycoin/data.db. Then start the node with the network disabled.
$ ./run-client.sh -launch-browser=false -disable-networkingRun the following command to sign the transaction:
$ skycoin-cli signTransaction $RAW_TRANSACTIONThe $RAW_TRANSACTION is the transaction string that we generated in the hot wallet.
If the cold wallet is encrypted, you will be prompted to enter the password to sign the transaction.
View Output
b700000000e6b869f570e2bfebff1b4d7e7c9e86885dbc34d6de988da6ff998e7acd7e6e14010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000007531184ad0afeebbff2049b855e0921329cb1cb74d769ac57c057c9c8bd2b6810100000000ed5ea2ca4fe9b4560409b50c5bf7cb39b6c5ff6e50690f00000000000000000000000000
Once the transaction is signed, we could copy and save the signed transaction string and broadcast it in the hot wallet.
$ skycoin-cli broadcastTransaction $SIGNED_RAW_TRANSACTIONA transaction id would be returned and you can check it in the explorer.
We recommend using caddy server to deploy a public Skycoin API node on a
Linux server. The public API node should have the HTTPS support, which could be handled automatically
by the caddy server. But we need to have a domain and create a DNS record to bind the server ip address
to it.
Suppose we're going to deploy a Skycoin API node on apitest.skycoin.com, and we have already bound
the server's IP to it. Follow the steps below to complete the deployment.
# Create a skycoin folder so that the files could be isolated
$ mkdir $HOME/skycoin && cd $HOME/skycoin
# Download the skycoin binary file
$ wget https://downloads.skycoin.com/wallet/skycoin-0.26.0-gui-standalone-linux-x64.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf skycoin-0.26.0-gui-standalone-linux-x64.tar.gz
$ cd skycoin-0.26.0-gui-standalone-linux-x64
$ ./skycoin -web-interface-port=6420 -host-whitelist=$DOMAIN_NAME -enable-api-sets="READ,TXN"Note: we should running the
skycoinnode with-host-whitelistflag, otherwise it would throw403 Forbiddenerror.
# Create a caddy folder
$ mkdir $HOME/caddy && cd $HOME/caddy
# Download the caddy server binary file
$ wget https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/releases/download/v1.0.4/caddy_v1.0.4_linux_amd64.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf caddy_v1.0.4_linux_amd64.tar.gz
$ cd caddy_v1.0.4_linux_amd64The caddy tool would be exist in the folder, let's create a Caddyfile to define the reverse proxy
rules now.
cat <<EOF >Caddyfile
apitest.skycoin.com {
proxy / localhost:6420 {
transparent
}
}
EOFThen run the caddy server
$ ./caddyYou will be prompted to enter an email address to receive the notifications from let's Encrypt. That's all about the deployment, check the https://apitest.skycoin.com/api/v1/version to see if the Skycoin API node is working correctly.
We have two branches: master and develop.
develop is the default branch and will have the latest code.
master will always be equal to the current stable release on the website, and should correspond with the latest release tag.
api- REST API interfacecipher- cryptographic library (key generation, addresses, hashes)cipher/base58- Base58 encodingcipher/encoder- reflect-based deterministic runtime binary encodercipher/encrypt- at-rest data encryption (chacha20poly1305+scrypt)cipher/go-bip39- BIP-39 seed generationcli- CLI librarycoin- blockchain data structures (blocks, transactions, unspent outputs)daemon- top-level application manager, combining all components (networking, database, wallets)daemon/gnet- networking librarydaemon/pex- peer managementparams- configurable transaction verification parametersreadable- JSON-encodable representations of internal structuresskycoin- core application initialization and configurationtestutil- testing utility methodstransaction- methods for creating transactionsutil- miscellaneous utilitiesvisor- top-level blockchain database layervisor/blockdb- low-level blockchain database layervisor/historydb- low-level blockchain database layer for historical blockchain metadatawallet- wallet file management
Skycoin implements client libraries which export core functionality for usage from other programming languages.
$ make testThere are integration tests for the CLI and HTTP API interfaces. They have two run modes, "stable" and "live".
The stable integration tests will use a skycoin daemon whose blockchain is synced to a specific point and has networking disabled so that the internal state does not change.
The live integration tests should be run against a synced or syncing node with networking enabled.
$ make integration-test-stableor
$ ./ci-scripts/integration-test-stable.sh -v -wThe -w option, run wallet integrations tests.
The -v option, show verbose logs.
The live integration tests run against a live runnning skycoin node, so before running the test, we need to start a skycoin node:
$ ./run-daemon.shAfter the skycoin node is up, run the following command to start the live tests:
$ make integration-test-liveThe above command will run all tests except the wallet-related tests. To run wallet tests, we
need to manually specify a wallet file, and it must have at least 2 coins and 256 coinhours,
it also must have been loaded by the node.
We can specify the wallet by setting two environment variables:
API_WALLET_ID, which is the filename (without path), that is loaded by the daemon to test against. This is the"id"field in API requests. It is used by the API integration tests. The wallet directory that the daemon uses can be controlled with the-wallet-diroption.CLI_WALLET_FILE, which is the filename (with path), to be used by the CLI integration tests
If the wallet is encrypted, also set WALLET_PASSWORD.
Example of running the daemon with settings for integration tests:
$ export API_WALLET_ID="$valid_wallet_filename"
$ export CLI_WALLET_FILE="$HOME/.skycoin/wallets/$valid_wallet_filename"
$ export WALLET_PASSWORD="$wallet_password"
$ make run-integration-test-liveThen run the tests with the following command:
$ make integration-test-live-walletThere are two other live integration test modes for CSRF disabled and networking disabled.
To run the CSRF disabled tests:
$ export API_WALLET_ID="$valid_wallet_filename"
$ export CLI_WALLET_FILE="$HOME/.skycoin/wallets/$valid_wallet_filename"
$ export WALLET_PASSWORD="$wallet_password"
$ make run-integration-test-live-disable-csrf$ make integration-test-live-disable-csrfTo run the networking disabled tests, which require a live wallet:
$ export API_WALLET_ID="$valid_wallet_filename"
$ export CLI_WALLET_FILE="$HOME/.skycoin/wallets/$valid_wallet_filename"
$ export WALLET_PASSWORD="$wallet_password"
$ make run-integration-test-live-disable-networkingThen run the tests with the following command:
$ make integration-test-live-walletRun specific test case:
It's annoying and a waste of time to run all tests to see if the test we real care
is working correctly. There's an option: -r, which can be used to run specific test case.
For example: if we only want to test TestStableAddressBalance and see the result, we can run:
$ ./ci-scripts/integration-test-stable.sh -v -r TestStableAddressBalanceGolden files are expected data responses from the CLI or HTTP API saved to disk. When the tests are run, their output is compared to the golden files.
To update golden files, use the provided make command:
$ make update-golden-filesWe can also update a specific test case's golden file with the -r option.
For example:
$ ./ci-scripts/integration-test-stable.sh -v -u -r TestStableAddressBalanceCoverage is automatically generated for make test and integration tests run against a stable node.
This includes integration test coverage. The coverage output files are placed in coverage/.
To merge coverage from all tests into a single HTML file for viewing:
$ make check
$ make merge-coverageThen open coverage/all-coverage.html in the browser.
Some tests can only be run with a live node, for example wallet spending tests. To generate coverage for this, build and run the skycoin node in test mode before running the live integration tests.
In one shell:
$ make run-integration-test-live-coverIn another shell:
$ make integration-test-liveAfter the tests have run, CTRL-C to exit the process from the first shell.
A coverage file will be generated at coverage/skycoin-live.coverage.out.
Merge the coverage with make merge-coverage then open the coverage/all-coverage.html file to view it,
or generate the HTML coverage in isolation with go tool cover -html
All .go source files should be formatted goimports. You can do this with:
$ make formatInstall prerequisites:
$ make install-lintersRun linters:
$ make lintA full CPU profile of the program from start to finish can be obtained by running the node with the -profile-cpu flag.
Once the node terminates, a profile file is written to -profile-cpu-file (defaults to cpu.prof).
This profile can be analyzed with
$ go tool pprof cpu.profThe HTTP interface for obtaining more profiling data or obtaining data while running can be enabled with -http-prof.
The HTTP profiling interface can be controlled with -http-prof-host and listens on localhost:6060 by default.
See https://golang.org/pkg/net/http/pprof/ for guidance on using the HTTP profiler.
Some useful examples include:
$ go tool pprof http://localhost:6060/debug/pprof/profile?seconds=10
$ go tool pprof http://localhost:6060/debug/pprof/heapA web page interface is provided by http/pprof at http://localhost:6060/debug/pprof/.
Fuzz tests are run with go-fuzz. Follow the instructions on the go-fuzz page to install it.
Fuzz tests are written for the following packages:
To fuzz the cipher/base58 package,
$ make fuzz-base58To fuzz the cipher/encoder package,
$ make fuzz-encoderDependencies must not require cgo. This means dependencies cannot be wrappers around C libraries.
Requiring cgo breaks cross compilation and interferes with repeatable (deterministic) builds.
Critical cryptographic dependencies used by code in package cipher are archived inside the cipher folder,
rather than in the vendor folder. This prevents a user of the cipher package from accidentally using a
different version of the cipher dependencies than were developed, which could have catastrophic but hidden problems.
Dependencies are managed with go modules.
We still use the vendor folder to store our dependencies in case any of the them are
removed from the internet in the future.
When the main module contains a top-level vendor directory and its go.mod file specifies go 1.14 or higher, the go command now defaults to -mod=vendor for operations that accept that flag.
There are 4 configuration modes in which you can run a skycoin node:
- Development Desktop Daemon
- Server Daemon
- Electron Desktop Client
- Standalone Desktop Client
This mode is configured via run-client.sh
$ ./run-client.shThe default settings for a skycoin node are chosen for Server Daemon, which is typically run from source.
This mode is usually preferred to be run with security options, though -disable-csrf is normal for server daemon mode, it is left enabled by default.
$ ./run-daemon.shTo disable CSRF:
$ ./run-daemon.sh -disable-csrfThis mode configures itself via electron-main.js
This mode is configured by compiling with STANDALONE_CLIENT build tag.
The configuration is handled in cmd/skycoin/skycoin.go
The compiled wallet source should be checked in to the repo, so that others do not need to install node to run the software.
Instructions for doing this:
You can find information about how to work with translation files in the Translations README.
- If the
masterbranch has commits that are not indevelop(e.g. due to a hotfix applied tomaster), mergemasterintodevelop - Make sure the translations are up to date. See the i18n README for instructions on how to update translations and how to check if they are up to date.
- Compile the
src/gui/static/dist/to make sure that it is up to date (see Wallet GUI Development README) - Update version strings to the new version in the following files:
electron/package-lock.json,electron/package.json,electron/skycoin/current-skycoin.json,src/cli/cli.go,src/gui/static/src/current-skycoin.json,src/cli/integration/testdata/status*.golden,template/coin.template,README.mdfiles . - If changes require a new database verification on the next upgrade, update
src/skycoin/skycoin.go'sDBVerifyCheckpointVersionvalue - Update
CHANGELOG.md: move the "unreleased" changes to the version and add the date - Update the files in https://github.com/skycoin/repo-info by following the metadata update procedure,
- Merge these changes to
develop - Follow the steps in pre-release testing
- Make a PR merging
developintomaster - Review the PR and merge it
- Tag the
masterbranch with the version number. Version tags start withv, e.g.v0.20.0. Sign the tag. If you have your GPG key in github, creating a release on the Github website will automatically tag the release. It can be tagged from the command line withgit tag -as v0.20.0 $COMMIT_ID, but Github will not recognize it as a "release". - Make sure that the client runs properly from the
masterbranch - Release builds are created and uploaded by travis. To do it manually, checkout the
masterbranch and follow the create release builds instructions.
If there are problems discovered after merging to master, start over, and increment the 3rd version number.
For example, v0.20.0 becomes v0.20.1, for minor fixes.
Run make check-lang to check if the translation files of the UI are updated. If there is any error running
that command, one or more translation files may need to be updated. For more information, check the
translations section.
Performs these actions before releasing:
make checkmake integration-test-livemake integration-test-live-disable-networking(requires node run with-disable-networking)make integration-test-live-disable-csrf(requires node run with-disable-csrf)make intergration-test-live-wallet(see live integration tests) 6 times: with an unencrypted and encrypted wallet for each wallet type:deterministic,bip44andcollectiongo run cmd/skycoin-cli/skycoin-cli.go checkdbagainst a fully synced databasego run cmd/skycoin-cli/skycoin-cli.go checkDBDecodingagainst a fully synced database- On all OSes, make sure that the client runs properly from the command line (
./run-client.shand./run-daemon.sh) - Build the releases and make sure that the Electron client runs properly on Windows, Linux and macOS.
- Use a clean data directory with no wallets or database to sync from scratch and verify the wallet setup wizard.
- Load a test wallet with nonzero balance from seed to confirm wallet loading works
- Send coins to another wallet to confirm spending works
- Restart the client, confirm that it reloads properly
- For both the Android and iOS mobile wallets, configure the node url to be https://staging.node.skycoin.com and test all operations to ensure it will work with the new node version.
Releases are signed with this PGP key:
0x913BBD5206B19620
The fingerprint for this key is:
pub ed25519 2019-09-17 [SC] [expires: 2023-09-16]
98F934F04F9334B81DFA3398913BBD5206B19620
uid [ultimate] iketheadore skycoin <[email protected]>
sub cv25519 2019-09-17 [E] [expires: 2023-09-16]
Keybase.io account: https://keybase.io/iketheadore
Follow the Tor Project's instructions for verifying signatures.
If you can't or don't want to import the keys from a keyserver, the signing key is available in the repo: iketheadore.asc.
Releases and their signatures can be found on the releases page.
Instructions for generating a PGP key, publishing it, signing the tags and binaries: https://gist.github.com/iketheadore/6485585ce2d22231c2cb3cbc77e1d7b7
Security flaws in skycoin source or infrastructure can be sent to [email protected]. Bounties are available for accepted critical bug reports.
PGP Key for signing:
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----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=p6Gq
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Key ID: 0x913BBD5206B19620
The fingerprint for this key is:
pub ed25519 2019-09-17 [SC] [expires: 2023-09-16]
98F934F04F9334B81DFA3398913BBD5206B19620
uid [ultimate] iketheadore skycoin <[email protected]>
sub cv25519 2019-09-17 [E] [expires: 2023-09-16]
Keybase.io account: https://keybase.io/iketheadore
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