Super WiFi Duck

This project upgrades from WiFi Duck and utilizes the native USB function of ESP32 S2/3 chip. As a result, you can run WiFi Duck with a default module below 10$, and no special hardware work is required.

ESP32 S2/3 can emulate multiple USB devices at the same time. So I want to add USB mouse and USB disk function in the future. But it depends on how much time/money I have.

Please help me to build more projects! paypal

Please read the install and flash parts below. They are different from the original project.

Want to learn more about BadUSBs? Check out WIFIDuck's online course: learnbadusb.com

Video Demo:

Super WiFi Duck

About

WiFi Duck: This open-source project aims to provide a user-friendly tool to learn about keystroke injection attacks and 'BadUSBs'.

By emulating a USB keyboard, tools like this can gain full access to any computer with a USB port in a matter of seconds!
This is made possible by the fact that keyboards are trusted by computers. You can have full control over a computer with just a keyboard.
A BadUSB pretends to be a keyboard to the computer to send keystrokes. But unlike a human, it can type hundreds of characters per second. By using a simple scripting language, it's easy to make BadUSBs type whatever you want.

With the WiFi Duck, you can simply connect via WiFi to manage all scripts from within a web interface. This means that, unlike other BadUSBs, you don't need to install an app, log in, compile or copy scripts to an SD card.

Usage

Watch the full video

Plug in your WiFi Duck
Connect to the WiFi network wifiduck with the password wifiduck
Open a browser and visit 192.168.4.1
Write, save and run your first Ducky Script
[Recommended] Open Settings (top right corner) and update SSID and password

Help I forgot the password: Flash the ESP32, but make sure that you select Erase Flash: Sketch + WiFi Settings under Tools in the Arduino IDE.

If you have further questions, check out the issue section.

Flash ESP32 S2/S3

Install PlatformIO
modify platformio.ini if needed
pio run -e esp32-s3-devkitc-1 -t upload for esp32s3 ; pio run -e esp32-s2-kaluga-1 -t upload for esp32s2
see Usage part

Scripting

Basics

Keys are separated by a single space.
Everything written in a single line gets pressed and released at the same time.
To write text, use the STRING function.
It's compatible to Ducky Script, which was developed by the wonderful people at Hak5.

Example	Explanation
WINDOWS r	Type the Windows key and then the r key
WINDOWS r	Press the Windows key and the r key simultaneously
STRING WINDOWS r	Write WINDOWS r

Functions

Command	Example	Description
`REM`	`REM Hello World!`	Comment
`DEFAULTDELAY` or `DEFAULT_DELAY`	`DEFAULTDELAY 200`	Time in ms between every command
`DELAY`	`DELAY 1000`	Delay in ms
`STRING`	`STRING Hello World!`	Types the following string
`REPEAT` or `REPLAY`	`REPEAT 3`	Repeats the last command n times
`LOCALE`	`LOCALE DE`	Sets the keyboard layout. List
`KEYCODE`	`KEYCODE 0x02 0x04`	Types a specific key code (modifier, key1[, ..., key6]) in decimal or hexadecimal
`LED`	`LED 40 20 10`	Changes the color of the LED in decimal RGB values (0-255)

Standard Keys

Key
`a` - `z`
`A` - `Z`
`0` - `9`
`F1` - `F12`

Modifier Keys

Key
`CTRL` or `CONTROL`
`SHIFT`
`ALT`
`WINDOWS` or `GUI`

Other Keys

Key
`ENTER`
`MENU` or `APP`
`DELETE`
`HOME`
`INSERT`
`PAGEUP`
`PAGEDOWN`
`UP` or `UPARROW`
`DOWN` or `DOWNARROW`
`LEFT` or `LEFTARROW`
`RIGHT` or `RIGHTARROW`
`TAB`
`END`
`ESC` or `ESCAPE`
`SPACE`
`PAUSE or BREAK`
`CAPSLOCK`
`NUMLOCK`
`PRINTSCREEN`
`SCROLLLOCK`

Numpad Keys

Key
`NUM_0` - `NUM_9`
`NUM_ASTERIX`
`NUM_ENTER`
`NUM_MINUS`
`NUM_DOT`
`NUM_PLUS`

Examples

REM Hello World for Windows PCs
DEFAULTDELAY 200
GUI r
STRING notepad
ENTER
STRING Hello World!

CLI Commands

The command line interface or CLI is accessible using a serial connection to the ESP8266 (115200 baud, Newline ending) or via the web interface at 192.168.4.1/terminal.html.

General

Command	Description	Example
help	Returns all available commands	`help`
ram	Returns available memory in bytes	`ram`
version	Returns version number	`version`
settings	Returns list of settings	`settings`
set -n/ame -v/alue	Sets value of a specific setting	`set ssid "why fight duck"`
reset	Resets all settings to their default values	`reset`
status	Returns status of i2c connection with Atmega32u4	`status`
run <...>	Starts executing a Ducky script	`run example.txt`
stop <...>	Stops executing a Ducky script	`stop example.txt`

SPIFFS File Management

Command	Description	Example
mem	Returns available, used and free memory of SPIFFS in bytes	`mem`
format	Formats SPIFFS	`format`
ls <...>	Returns list of files	`ls /`
create <...>	Creates file	`create example.duck`
remove <...>	Deletes file	`remove example.duck`
cat <...>	Returns content of file	`cat example.duck`
rename -fileA,a -fileB,b	Renames file	`rename example.duck example.txt`
write -f/ile -c/ontent	Writes (appends) data to file	`write example.txt "Hello World!"`
stream <...>	Opens file stream	`stream example.txt`
close	Closes file stream	`close`
read	Read and return the result from file stream	`read`

If a stream is open, everything you type (except messages containing exactly close or read) will be written to the file until you type close!

How to Debug

The original debug module doesn't work right now. To debug, please use ESP_LOGE to display information via the COM port

Development

Edit Web Files

If you would like to modify the web interface, you can!
The web/ folder contains all .html, .css, .js files.
You can edit and test them locally as long as you're connected to the WiFi Duck network thanks to the websocket connection handled by JavaScript in the background.

To get the new files onto the ESP8266, run python3 webconverter.py in the repository folder.
It gzips all files inside web/, converts them into a hex array and saves it in esp_duck/webfiles.h.
Now you just need to flash the ESP8266 again.

Change Keyboard Identifier

The default VendorID/ProductID is Expressif Systems. To emulate a different brand of keyboard, modify the build parameters in platform.ini

For example:

To emulate an Apple Keyboard

    -D USB_VID=0x05ac
    -D USB_PID=0x0267
    -D USB_MANUFACTURER='"Apple Inc."'
    -D USB_PRODUCT='"Apple Magic Keyboard"'

To emulate an IBM Keyboard

    -D USB_VID=0x04b3
    -D USB_PID=0x4604
    -D USB_MANUFACTURER='"IBM Corp."'
    -D USB_PRODUCT='"IBM Keyboard"'

Additional VendorID/ProductIDs available on devicehunt.com

Translate Keyboard Layout

Currently supported keyboard layouts:

All standard keys are defined in usb_hid_keys.h.
To translate a keyboard layout, you have to match each character on your keyboard to the one(s) of a US keyboard.
This stuff is hard to explain in writing and requires a lot of manual work and testing.

Copy one of the existing layouts files, like locale_us.h.
Preferably one that is close to your keyboard layout, it will save you time!
Add #include "locale_xx.h" to the end of the locales.h file.
Rename the file and its variables to your language code. For example:
locale_xx.h -> locale_de.h,
ascii_xx -> ascii_de,
locale_xx -> locale_de,
utf8_xx -> utf8_de.
combinations_xx -> combinations_de,
Modify the ASCII array.
The ASCII array has a fixed size. Each row describes a key. First a modifier key like KEY_MOD_LSHIFT, then a character key. Some ASCII characters can't be typed or don't require a modifier, that's where you must place KEY_NONE. Check usb_hid_keys.h for the available keys.
If multiple modifiers are required, you must use a bitwise OR to connect them: KEY_MOD_RALT | KEY_MOD_LSHIFT.
For example, in locale_de.h Z is saved as KEY_MOD_LSHIFT, KEY_Y.
This is because German keyboards use QWERTZ instead of the QWERTY layout and since the letter is uppercase, shift must be pressed as well.
Thankfully you don't have to trial and error everything, the Hak5 Community translated a lot of layouts already here. It's just written in a different syntax. For example, ASCII_20 (20 in hexadecimal) is the 32th character in our ascii array.
[deprecated] Modify or create the extended ASCII array.
The extended ASCII array doesn't have a fixed size and is only as long as you make it. First the character code. For example, ä has the index 132, or 84 in hex. It doesn't use a modifier and sits where the apostrophe key is on a US keyboard: 0x84, KEY_NONE, KEY_APOSTROPHE, // ä.
Modify or create the UTF-8 array.
The UTF-8 array is variable in length, too.
The first 4 bytes are the character code.
For example, Ä has the hex code c384 or 0xc3 0x84. The other 2 bytes are not used so we set them to 0. Because the letter is uppercase, we need to press the shift key and like before, the letter is typed by pressing the same key as the apostrophe key of a US keyboard: 0xc3, 0x84, 0x00, 0x00, KEY_MOD_LSHIFT, KEY_APOSTROPHE, // Ä.
Edit the hid_locale_t structure.
If you renamed all variables accordingly, there's nothing left to do.
Go to duckparser.cpp at // LOCALE (-> change keyboard layout) you can see a bunch of else if statements. You need to copy one for your layout.

Before adding GB layout:

if (compare(w->str, w->len, "US", CASE_SENSETIVE)) {
    keyboard::setLocale(&locale_us);
} else if (compare(w->str, w->len, "DE", CASE_SENSETIVE)) {
    keyboard::setLocale(&locale_de);
}

After adding GB layout:

if (compare(w->str, w->len, "US", CASE_SENSETIVE)) {
    keyboard::setLocale(&locale_us);
} else if (compare(w->str, w->len, "DE", CASE_SENSETIVE)) {
    keyboard::setLocale(&locale_de);
} else if (compare(w->str, w->len, "GB", CASE_SENSETIVE)) {
   keyboard::setLocale(&locale_gb);
}

Test your layout with a Ducky Script that contains all characters of your keyboard. For example:

LOCALE DE
STRING !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~²³äöüÄÖÜß€°§`
ENTER

Add a link to your layout to README, to web/index.html and please feel free to improve this tutorial to help future translators!
Create a Pull Request

Disclaimer

This tool is intended to be used for testing, training, and educational purposes only.
Never use it to do harm or create damage!

The continuation of this project counts on you!

License

This software is licensed under the MIT License. See the license file for details.

Credits

Software libraries used in this project:

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