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pso-master's Introduction

粒子群优化算法(PSO:Particle swarm optimization) 是一种进化计算技术(evolutionary computation)。
源于对鸟群捕食的行为研究。粒子群优化算法的基本**:是通过群体中个体之间的协作和信息共享来寻找最优解.

鸟被抽象为没有质量和体积的微粒(点),并延伸到N维空间,粒子i在N维空间的位置表示为矢量Xi=(x1,x2,…,xN),飞行速度表示为矢量Vi=(v1,v2,…,vN)。每个粒子都有一个由目标函数决定的适应值(fitness value),并且知道自己到目前为止发现的最好位置(pbest)和现在的位置Xi。这个可以看作是粒子自己的飞行经验。除此之外,每个粒子还知道到目前为止整个群体中所有粒子发现的最好位置(gbest)(gbest是pbest中的最好值),这个可以看作是粒子同伴的经验。粒子就是通过自己的经验和同伴中最好的经验来决定下一步的运动。 
标准PSO算法的流程:
    1)初始化一群微粒(群体规模为N),包括随机位置和速度;
    2)评价每个微粒的适应度;
    3)对每个微粒,将其适应值与其经过的最好位置pbest作比较,如果较好,则将其作为当前的最好位置pbest;
    4)对每个微粒,将其适应值与其经过的最好位置gbest作比较,如果较好,则将其作为当前的最好位置gbest;
    5)根据公式(2)、(3)调整微粒速度和位置;
    6)未达到结束条件则转第2)步。

PSO的优势:在于简单容易实现并且没有许多参数的调节。目前已被广泛应用于函数优化、神经网络训练、模糊系统控制以及其他遗传算法的应用领域

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