GithubHelp home page GithubHelp logo

unine-chyn / mmappickle Goto Github PK

View Code? Open in Web Editor NEW
36.0 4.0 4.0 87 KB

Python 3 library to store memory mappable objects into pickle-compatible files

Home Page: http://mmappickle.readthedocs.io

License: GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0

Python 100.00%
python-3 python3 python python-library mmap dictionary memory

mmappickle's Introduction

Memmap pickle

This Python 3 module enables to store large structure in a python pickle, in such a way that the array can be memory-mapped instead of being copied in memory. This module is licensed under the LGPL3 license.

Currently, the container has to be a dictionnary (mmappickle.dict), which keys are strings of less than 256 bytes.

It supports any values, but it is only possible to memory-map numpy arrays and numpy masked arrays.

It also supports concurrent access (i.e. you can pass a mmappickle.dict as an argument which is called using the multiprocessing Python module).

Documentation

Documentation is available at http://mmappickle.readthedocs.io/

Citation

Fasnacht, (2018). mmappickle: Python 3 module to store memory-mapped numpy array in pickle format . Journal of Open Source Software, 3(26), 651, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.00651

Contributing

Please post issues and pull requests on github. Alternatively, you can also send your patches by email.

The following tools are used to ensure good code quality:

Tool Status
travis-ci Build Status
AppVeyor Build status
Coveralls Coverage Status

mmappickle's People

Contributors

arfon avatar lfasnacht avatar soesch avatar

Stargazers

 avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar

Watchers

 avatar  avatar  avatar  avatar

mmappickle's Issues

JOSS - Functionality

I will go point by point for the review of the JOSS in the coming day.

But before to start, I got a question asap I saw the project.
What is the difference/benefit of mmappickle in comparison with joblib.

joblib is handling the pickiing/unpickling of large numpy array and already manage the parallelization with auto-memmaping for the user. There is also work done on the integration with dask to allow distributed programming. Also joblib is used in scikit-learn and other python library.

So my question is the following: what mmappickleoffers more than joblib regarding the application that you stated in the paper (multiprocessing / pickling of numpy array)?

Note:

Regarding the pickling you can refer to: here for a blog post regarding the performance at that time (some improvements have been made since this post).

cc @clemaitre58

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'mmappickle'

So as the title suggests im having issues with mmappickle.
I have it installed, i made sure by reinstalling it multiple times with sudo yet it keeps giving me the modulenotfound error.
Any ideas?

JOSS - Testing

The tests are failing:

pytest tests --cov-report term-missing --cov=mmappickle 
Test session starts (platform: linux, Python 3.6.4, pytest 3.3.2, pytest-sugar 0.9.0)
rootdir: /home/lemaitre/Documents/code/toolbox/mmappickle, inifile:
plugins: sugar-0.9.0, mock-1.6.3, cov-2.5.1

 tests/test_dict.py ✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓                               95% █████████▌

―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― TestHttpDict.test_load ―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

self = <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f3bd7ca8898>

    def _new_conn(self):
        """ Establish a socket connection and set nodelay settings on it.
    
            :return: New socket connection.
            """
        extra_kw = {}
        if self.source_address:
            extra_kw['source_address'] = self.source_address
    
        if self.socket_options:
            extra_kw['socket_options'] = self.socket_options
    
        try:
            conn = connection.create_connection(
>               (self.host, self.port), self.timeout, **extra_kw)

../../../../miniconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py:141: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

address = ('130.125.10.27', 1081), timeout = None, source_address = None
socket_options = [(6, 1, 1)]

    def create_connection(address, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
                          source_address=None, socket_options=None):
        """Connect to *address* and return the socket object.
    
        Convenience function.  Connect to *address* (a 2-tuple ``(host,
        port)``) and return the socket object.  Passing the optional
        *timeout* parameter will set the timeout on the socket instance
        before attempting to connect.  If no *timeout* is supplied, the
        global default timeout setting returned by :func:`getdefaulttimeout`
        is used.  If *source_address* is set it must be a tuple of (host, port)
        for the socket to bind as a source address before making the connection.
        An host of '' or port 0 tells the OS to use the default.
        """
    
        host, port = address
        if host.startswith('['):
            host = host.strip('[]')
        err = None
    
        # Using the value from allowed_gai_family() in the context of getaddrinfo lets
        # us select whether to work with IPv4 DNS records, IPv6 records, or both.
        # The original create_connection function always returns all records.
        family = allowed_gai_family()
    
        for res in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM):
            af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
            sock = None
            try:
                sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
    
                # If provided, set socket level options before connecting.
                _set_socket_options(sock, socket_options)
    
                if timeout is not socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
                    sock.settimeout(timeout)
                if source_address:
                    sock.bind(source_address)
                sock.connect(sa)
                return sock
    
            except socket.error as e:
                err = e
                if sock is not None:
                    sock.close()
                    sock = None
    
        if err is not None:
>           raise err

../../../../miniconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/urllib3/util/connection.py:83: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

address = ('130.125.10.27', 1081), timeout = None, source_address = None
socket_options = [(6, 1, 1)]

    def create_connection(address, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
                          source_address=None, socket_options=None):
        """Connect to *address* and return the socket object.
    
        Convenience function.  Connect to *address* (a 2-tuple ``(host,
        port)``) and return the socket object.  Passing the optional
        *timeout* parameter will set the timeout on the socket instance
        before attempting to connect.  If no *timeout* is supplied, the
        global default timeout setting returned by :func:`getdefaulttimeout`
        is used.  If *source_address* is set it must be a tuple of (host, port)
        for the socket to bind as a source address before making the connection.
        An host of '' or port 0 tells the OS to use the default.
        """
    
        host, port = address
        if host.startswith('['):
            host = host.strip('[]')
        err = None
    
        # Using the value from allowed_gai_family() in the context of getaddrinfo lets
        # us select whether to work with IPv4 DNS records, IPv6 records, or both.
        # The original create_connection function always returns all records.
        family = allowed_gai_family()
    
        for res in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM):
            af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
            sock = None
            try:
                sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
    
                # If provided, set socket level options before connecting.
                _set_socket_options(sock, socket_options)
    
                if timeout is not socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
                    sock.settimeout(timeout)
                if source_address:
                    sock.bind(source_address)
>               sock.connect(sa)
E               TimeoutError: [Errno 110] Connection timed out

../../../../miniconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/urllib3/util/connection.py:73: TimeoutError

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

self = <urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool object at 0x7f3bd7ca80b8>
method = 'HEAD', url = '/20171024_IlluminationTests/StabilityTest.scan', body = None
headers = {'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.18.4', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive'}
retries = Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=False, redirect=None, status=None)
redirect = False, assert_same_host = False
timeout = <urllib3.util.timeout.Timeout object at 0x7f3bdc31d4a8>
pool_timeout = None, release_conn = False, chunked = False, body_pos = None
response_kw = {'decode_content': False, 'preload_content': False}, conn = None
release_this_conn = True, err = None, clean_exit = False
timeout_obj = <urllib3.util.timeout.Timeout object at 0x7f3bd7ca87f0>
is_new_proxy_conn = False

    def urlopen(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None, retries=None,
                redirect=True, assert_same_host=True, timeout=_Default,
                pool_timeout=None, release_conn=None, chunked=False,
                body_pos=None, **response_kw):
        """
            Get a connection from the pool and perform an HTTP request. This is the
            lowest level call for making a request, so you'll need to specify all
            the raw details.
    
            .. note::
    
               More commonly, it's appropriate to use a convenience method provided
               by :class:`.RequestMethods`, such as :meth:`request`.
    
            .. note::
    
               `release_conn` will only behave as expected if
               `preload_content=False` because we want to make
               `preload_content=False` the default behaviour someday soon without
               breaking backwards compatibility.
    
            :param method:
                HTTP request method (such as GET, POST, PUT, etc.)
    
            :param body:
                Data to send in the request body (useful for creating
                POST requests, see HTTPConnectionPool.post_url for
                more convenience).
    
            :param headers:
                Dictionary of custom headers to send, such as User-Agent,
                If-None-Match, etc. If None, pool headers are used. If provided,
                these headers completely replace any pool-specific headers.
    
            :param retries:
                Configure the number of retries to allow before raising a
                :class:`~urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError` exception.
    
                Pass ``None`` to retry until you receive a response. Pass a
                :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry` object for fine-grained control
                over different types of retries.
                Pass an integer number to retry connection errors that many times,
                but no other types of errors. Pass zero to never retry.
    
                If ``False``, then retries are disabled and any exception is raised
                immediately. Also, instead of raising a MaxRetryError on redirects,
                the redirect response will be returned.
    
            :type retries: :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry`, False, or an int.
    
            :param redirect:
                If True, automatically handle redirects (status codes 301, 302,
                303, 307, 308). Each redirect counts as a retry. Disabling retries
                will disable redirect, too.
    
            :param assert_same_host:
                If ``True``, will make sure that the host of the pool requests is
                consistent else will raise HostChangedError. When False, you can
                use the pool on an HTTP proxy and request foreign hosts.
    
            :param timeout:
                If specified, overrides the default timeout for this one
                request. It may be a float (in seconds) or an instance of
                :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`.
    
            :param pool_timeout:
                If set and the pool is set to block=True, then this method will
                block for ``pool_timeout`` seconds and raise EmptyPoolError if no
                connection is available within the time period.
    
            :param release_conn:
                If False, then the urlopen call will not release the connection
                back into the pool once a response is received (but will release if
                you read the entire contents of the response such as when
                `preload_content=True`). This is useful if you're not preloading
                the response's content immediately. You will need to call
                ``r.release_conn()`` on the response ``r`` to return the connection
                back into the pool. If None, it takes the value of
                ``response_kw.get('preload_content', True)``.
    
            :param chunked:
                If True, urllib3 will send the body using chunked transfer
                encoding. Otherwise, urllib3 will send the body using the standard
                content-length form. Defaults to False.
    
            :param int body_pos:
                Position to seek to in file-like body in the event of a retry or
                redirect. Typically this won't need to be set because urllib3 will
                auto-populate the value when needed.
    
            :param \\**response_kw:
                Additional parameters are passed to
                :meth:`urllib3.response.HTTPResponse.from_httplib`
            """
        if headers is None:
            headers = self.headers
    
        if not isinstance(retries, Retry):
            retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect, default=self.retries)
    
        if release_conn is None:
            release_conn = response_kw.get('preload_content', True)
    
        # Check host
        if assert_same_host and not self.is_same_host(url):
            raise HostChangedError(self, url, retries)
    
        conn = None
    
        # Track whether `conn` needs to be released before
        # returning/raising/recursing. Update this variable if necessary, and
        # leave `release_conn` constant throughout the function. That way, if
        # the function recurses, the original value of `release_conn` will be
        # passed down into the recursive call, and its value will be respected.
        #
        # See issue #651 [1] for details.
        #
        # [1] <https://github.com/shazow/urllib3/issues/651>
        release_this_conn = release_conn
    
        # Merge the proxy headers. Only do this in HTTP. We have to copy the
        # headers dict so we can safely change it without those changes being
        # reflected in anyone else's copy.
        if self.scheme == 'http':
            headers = headers.copy()
            headers.update(self.proxy_headers)
    
        # Must keep the exception bound to a separate variable or else Python 3
        # complains about UnboundLocalError.
        err = None
    
        # Keep track of whether we cleanly exited the except block. This
        # ensures we do proper cleanup in finally.
        clean_exit = False
    
        # Rewind body position, if needed. Record current position
        # for future rewinds in the event of a redirect/retry.
        body_pos = set_file_position(body, body_pos)
    
        try:
            # Request a connection from the queue.
            timeout_obj = self._get_timeout(timeout)
            conn = self._get_conn(timeout=pool_timeout)
    
            conn.timeout = timeout_obj.connect_timeout
    
            is_new_proxy_conn = self.proxy is not None and not getattr(conn, 'sock', None)
            if is_new_proxy_conn:
                self._prepare_proxy(conn)
    
            # Make the request on the httplib connection object.
            httplib_response = self._make_request(conn, method, url,
                                                  timeout=timeout_obj,
                                                  body=body, headers=headers,
>                                                 chunked=chunked)

../../../../miniconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:601: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

self = <urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool object at 0x7f3bd7ca80b8>
conn = <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f3bd7ca8898>, method = 'HEAD'
url = '/20171024_IlluminationTests/StabilityTest.scan'
timeout = <urllib3.util.timeout.Timeout object at 0x7f3bd7ca87f0>, chunked = False
httplib_request_kw = {'body': None, 'headers': {'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.18.4', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive'}}
timeout_obj = <urllib3.util.timeout.Timeout object at 0x7f3bd7ca8940>

    def _make_request(self, conn, method, url, timeout=_Default, chunked=False,
                      **httplib_request_kw):
        """
            Perform a request on a given urllib connection object taken from our
            pool.
    
            :param conn:
                a connection from one of our connection pools
    
            :param timeout:
                Socket timeout in seconds for the request. This can be a
                float or integer, which will set the same timeout value for
                the socket connect and the socket read, or an instance of
                :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`, which gives you more fine-grained
                control over your timeouts.
            """
        self.num_requests += 1
    
        timeout_obj = self._get_timeout(timeout)
        timeout_obj.start_connect()
        conn.timeout = timeout_obj.connect_timeout
    
        # Trigger any extra validation we need to do.
        try:
            self._validate_conn(conn)
        except (SocketTimeout, BaseSSLError) as e:
            # Py2 raises this as a BaseSSLError, Py3 raises it as socket timeout.
            self._raise_timeout(err=e, url=url, timeout_value=conn.timeout)
            raise
    
        # conn.request() calls httplib.*.request, not the method in
        # urllib3.request. It also calls makefile (recv) on the socket.
        if chunked:
            conn.request_chunked(method, url, **httplib_request_kw)
        else:
>           conn.request(method, url, **httplib_request_kw)

../../../../miniconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:357: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

self = <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f3bd7ca8898>, method = 'HEAD'
url = '/20171024_IlluminationTests/StabilityTest.scan', body = None
headers = {'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.18.4', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive'}

    def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers={}, *,
                encode_chunked=False):
        """Send a complete request to the server."""
>       self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)

../../../../miniconda3/lib/python3.6/http/client.py:1239: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

self = <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f3bd7ca8898>, method = 'HEAD'
url = '/20171024_IlluminationTests/StabilityTest.scan', body = None
headers = {'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.18.4', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive'}
encode_chunked = False

    def _send_request(self, method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked):
        # Honor explicitly requested Host: and Accept-Encoding: headers.
        header_names = frozenset(k.lower() for k in headers)
        skips = {}
        if 'host' in header_names:
            skips['skip_host'] = 1
        if 'accept-encoding' in header_names:
            skips['skip_accept_encoding'] = 1
    
        self.putrequest(method, url, **skips)
    
        # chunked encoding will happen if HTTP/1.1 is used and either
        # the caller passes encode_chunked=True or the following
        # conditions hold:
        # 1. content-length has not been explicitly set
        # 2. the body is a file or iterable, but not a str or bytes-like
        # 3. Transfer-Encoding has NOT been explicitly set by the caller
    
        if 'content-length' not in header_names:
            # only chunk body if not explicitly set for backwards
            # compatibility, assuming the client code is already handling the
            # chunking
            if 'transfer-encoding' not in header_names:
                # if content-length cannot be automatically determined, fall
                # back to chunked encoding
                encode_chunked = False
                content_length = self._get_content_length(body, method)
                if content_length is None:
                    if body is not None:
                        if self.debuglevel > 0:
                            print('Unable to determine size of %r' % body)
                        encode_chunked = True
                        self.putheader('Transfer-Encoding', 'chunked')
                else:
                    self.putheader('Content-Length', str(content_length))
        else:
            encode_chunked = False
    
        for hdr, value in headers.items():
            self.putheader(hdr, value)
        if isinstance(body, str):
            # RFC 2616 Section 3.7.1 says that text default has a
            # default charset of iso-8859-1.
            body = _encode(body, 'body')
>       self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)

../../../../miniconda3/lib/python3.6/http/client.py:1285: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

self = <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f3bd7ca8898>
message_body = None

    def endheaders(self, message_body=None, *, encode_chunked=False):
        """Indicate that the last header line has been sent to the server.
    
            This method sends the request to the server.  The optional message_body
            argument can be used to pass a message body associated with the
            request.
            """
        if self.__state == _CS_REQ_STARTED:
            self.__state = _CS_REQ_SENT
        else:
            raise CannotSendHeader()
>       self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)

../../../../miniconda3/lib/python3.6/http/client.py:1234: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

self = <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f3bd7ca8898>
message_body = None, encode_chunked = False

    def _send_output(self, message_body=None, encode_chunked=False):
        """Send the currently buffered request and clear the buffer.
    
            Appends an extra \\r\\n to the buffer.
            A message_body may be specified, to be appended to the request.
            """
        self._buffer.extend((b"", b""))
        msg = b"\r\n".join(self._buffer)
        del self._buffer[:]
>       self.send(msg)

../../../../miniconda3/lib/python3.6/http/client.py:1026: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

self = <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f3bd7ca8898>
data = b'HEAD /20171024_IlluminationTests/StabilityTest.scan HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 130.125.10.27:1081\r\nUser-Agent: python-requests/2.18.4\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\r\nAccept: */*\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\n\r\n'

    def send(self, data):
        """Send `data' to the server.
            ``data`` can be a string object, a bytes object, an array object, a
            file-like object that supports a .read() method, or an iterable object.
            """
    
        if self.sock is None:
            if self.auto_open:
>               self.connect()

../../../../miniconda3/lib/python3.6/http/client.py:964: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

self = <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f3bd7ca8898>

    def connect(self):
>       conn = self._new_conn()

../../../../miniconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py:166: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

self = <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f3bd7ca8898>

    def _new_conn(self):
        """ Establish a socket connection and set nodelay settings on it.
    
            :return: New socket connection.
            """
        extra_kw = {}
        if self.source_address:
            extra_kw['source_address'] = self.source_address
    
        if self.socket_options:
            extra_kw['socket_options'] = self.socket_options
    
        try:
            conn = connection.create_connection(
                (self.host, self.port), self.timeout, **extra_kw)
    
        except SocketTimeout as e:
            raise ConnectTimeoutError(
                self, "Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)" %
                (self.host, self.timeout))
    
        except SocketError as e:
            raise NewConnectionError(
>               self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e)
E           urllib3.exceptions.NewConnectionError: <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f3bd7ca8898>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 110] Connection timed out

../../../../miniconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py:150: NewConnectionError

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

self = <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter object at 0x7f3bd7c95f28>
request = <PreparedRequest [HEAD]>, stream = False
timeout = <urllib3.util.timeout.Timeout object at 0x7f3bdc31d4a8>, verify = True
cert = None, proxies = OrderedDict()

    def send(self, request, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None):
        """Sends PreparedRequest object. Returns Response object.
    
            :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent.
            :param stream: (optional) Whether to stream the request content.
            :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send
                data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout,
                read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
            :type timeout: float or tuple or urllib3 Timeout object
            :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether
                we verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it
                must be a path to a CA bundle to use
            :param cert: (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be trusted.
            :param proxies: (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request.
            :rtype: requests.Response
            """
    
        conn = self.get_connection(request.url, proxies)
    
        self.cert_verify(conn, request.url, verify, cert)
        url = self.request_url(request, proxies)
        self.add_headers(request)
    
        chunked = not (request.body is None or 'Content-Length' in request.headers)
    
        if isinstance(timeout, tuple):
            try:
                connect, read = timeout
                timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=connect, read=read)
            except ValueError as e:
                # this may raise a string formatting error.
                err = ("Invalid timeout {0}. Pass a (connect, read) "
                       "timeout tuple, or a single float to set "
                       "both timeouts to the same value".format(timeout))
                raise ValueError(err)
        elif isinstance(timeout, TimeoutSauce):
            pass
        else:
            timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=timeout, read=timeout)
    
        try:
            if not chunked:
                resp = conn.urlopen(
                    method=request.method,
                    url=url,
                    body=request.body,
                    headers=request.headers,
                    redirect=False,
                    assert_same_host=False,
                    preload_content=False,
                    decode_content=False,
                    retries=self.max_retries,
>                   timeout=timeout
                )

../../../../miniconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/adapters.py:440: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

self = <urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool object at 0x7f3bd7ca80b8>
method = 'HEAD', url = '/20171024_IlluminationTests/StabilityTest.scan', body = None
headers = {'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.18.4', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive'}
retries = Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=False, redirect=None, status=None)
redirect = False, assert_same_host = False
timeout = <urllib3.util.timeout.Timeout object at 0x7f3bdc31d4a8>
pool_timeout = None, release_conn = False, chunked = False, body_pos = None
response_kw = {'decode_content': False, 'preload_content': False}, conn = None
release_this_conn = True, err = None, clean_exit = False
timeout_obj = <urllib3.util.timeout.Timeout object at 0x7f3bd7ca87f0>
is_new_proxy_conn = False

    def urlopen(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None, retries=None,
                redirect=True, assert_same_host=True, timeout=_Default,
                pool_timeout=None, release_conn=None, chunked=False,
                body_pos=None, **response_kw):
        """
            Get a connection from the pool and perform an HTTP request. This is the
            lowest level call for making a request, so you'll need to specify all
            the raw details.
    
            .. note::
    
               More commonly, it's appropriate to use a convenience method provided
               by :class:`.RequestMethods`, such as :meth:`request`.
    
            .. note::
    
               `release_conn` will only behave as expected if
               `preload_content=False` because we want to make
               `preload_content=False` the default behaviour someday soon without
               breaking backwards compatibility.
    
            :param method:
                HTTP request method (such as GET, POST, PUT, etc.)
    
            :param body:
                Data to send in the request body (useful for creating
                POST requests, see HTTPConnectionPool.post_url for
                more convenience).
    
            :param headers:
                Dictionary of custom headers to send, such as User-Agent,
                If-None-Match, etc. If None, pool headers are used. If provided,
                these headers completely replace any pool-specific headers.
    
            :param retries:
                Configure the number of retries to allow before raising a
                :class:`~urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError` exception.
    
                Pass ``None`` to retry until you receive a response. Pass a
                :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry` object for fine-grained control
                over different types of retries.
                Pass an integer number to retry connection errors that many times,
                but no other types of errors. Pass zero to never retry.
    
                If ``False``, then retries are disabled and any exception is raised
                immediately. Also, instead of raising a MaxRetryError on redirects,
                the redirect response will be returned.
    
            :type retries: :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry`, False, or an int.
    
            :param redirect:
                If True, automatically handle redirects (status codes 301, 302,
                303, 307, 308). Each redirect counts as a retry. Disabling retries
                will disable redirect, too.
    
            :param assert_same_host:
                If ``True``, will make sure that the host of the pool requests is
                consistent else will raise HostChangedError. When False, you can
                use the pool on an HTTP proxy and request foreign hosts.
    
            :param timeout:
                If specified, overrides the default timeout for this one
                request. It may be a float (in seconds) or an instance of
                :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`.
    
            :param pool_timeout:
                If set and the pool is set to block=True, then this method will
                block for ``pool_timeout`` seconds and raise EmptyPoolError if no
                connection is available within the time period.
    
            :param release_conn:
                If False, then the urlopen call will not release the connection
                back into the pool once a response is received (but will release if
                you read the entire contents of the response such as when
                `preload_content=True`). This is useful if you're not preloading
                the response's content immediately. You will need to call
                ``r.release_conn()`` on the response ``r`` to return the connection
                back into the pool. If None, it takes the value of
                ``response_kw.get('preload_content', True)``.
    
            :param chunked:
                If True, urllib3 will send the body using chunked transfer
                encoding. Otherwise, urllib3 will send the body using the standard
                content-length form. Defaults to False.
    
            :param int body_pos:
                Position to seek to in file-like body in the event of a retry or
                redirect. Typically this won't need to be set because urllib3 will
                auto-populate the value when needed.
    
            :param \\**response_kw:
                Additional parameters are passed to
                :meth:`urllib3.response.HTTPResponse.from_httplib`
            """
        if headers is None:
            headers = self.headers
    
        if not isinstance(retries, Retry):
            retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect, default=self.retries)
    
        if release_conn is None:
            release_conn = response_kw.get('preload_content', True)
    
        # Check host
        if assert_same_host and not self.is_same_host(url):
            raise HostChangedError(self, url, retries)
    
        conn = None
    
        # Track whether `conn` needs to be released before
        # returning/raising/recursing. Update this variable if necessary, and
        # leave `release_conn` constant throughout the function. That way, if
        # the function recurses, the original value of `release_conn` will be
        # passed down into the recursive call, and its value will be respected.
        #
        # See issue #651 [1] for details.
        #
        # [1] <https://github.com/shazow/urllib3/issues/651>
        release_this_conn = release_conn
    
        # Merge the proxy headers. Only do this in HTTP. We have to copy the
        # headers dict so we can safely change it without those changes being
        # reflected in anyone else's copy.
        if self.scheme == 'http':
            headers = headers.copy()
            headers.update(self.proxy_headers)
    
        # Must keep the exception bound to a separate variable or else Python 3
        # complains about UnboundLocalError.
        err = None
    
        # Keep track of whether we cleanly exited the except block. This
        # ensures we do proper cleanup in finally.
        clean_exit = False
    
        # Rewind body position, if needed. Record current position
        # for future rewinds in the event of a redirect/retry.
        body_pos = set_file_position(body, body_pos)
    
        try:
            # Request a connection from the queue.
            timeout_obj = self._get_timeout(timeout)
            conn = self._get_conn(timeout=pool_timeout)
    
            conn.timeout = timeout_obj.connect_timeout
    
            is_new_proxy_conn = self.proxy is not None and not getattr(conn, 'sock', None)
            if is_new_proxy_conn:
                self._prepare_proxy(conn)
    
            # Make the request on the httplib connection object.
            httplib_response = self._make_request(conn, method, url,
                                                  timeout=timeout_obj,
                                                  body=body, headers=headers,
                                                  chunked=chunked)
    
            # If we're going to release the connection in ``finally:``, then
            # the response doesn't need to know about the connection. Otherwise
            # it will also try to release it and we'll have a double-release
            # mess.
            response_conn = conn if not release_conn else None
    
            # Pass method to Response for length checking
            response_kw['request_method'] = method
    
            # Import httplib's response into our own wrapper object
            response = self.ResponseCls.from_httplib(httplib_response,
                                                     pool=self,
                                                     connection=response_conn,
                                                     retries=retries,
                                                     **response_kw)
    
            # Everything went great!
            clean_exit = True
    
        except queue.Empty:
            # Timed out by queue.
            raise EmptyPoolError(self, "No pool connections are available.")
    
        except (TimeoutError, HTTPException, SocketError, ProtocolError,
                BaseSSLError, SSLError, CertificateError) as e:
            # Discard the connection for these exceptions. It will be
            # replaced during the next _get_conn() call.
            clean_exit = False
            if isinstance(e, (BaseSSLError, CertificateError)):
                e = SSLError(e)
            elif isinstance(e, (SocketError, NewConnectionError)) and self.proxy:
                e = ProxyError('Cannot connect to proxy.', e)
            elif isinstance(e, (SocketError, HTTPException)):
                e = ProtocolError('Connection aborted.', e)
    
            retries = retries.increment(method, url, error=e, _pool=self,
>                                       _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2])

../../../../miniconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:639: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

self = Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=False, redirect=None, status=None)
method = 'HEAD', url = '/20171024_IlluminationTests/StabilityTest.scan'
response = None
error = NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f3bd7ca8898>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 110] Connection timed out',)
_pool = <urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool object at 0x7f3bd7ca80b8>
_stacktrace = <traceback object at 0x7f3bd7a37348>

    def increment(self, method=None, url=None, response=None, error=None,
                  _pool=None, _stacktrace=None):
        """ Return a new Retry object with incremented retry counters.
    
            :param response: A response object, or None, if the server did not
                return a response.
            :type response: :class:`~urllib3.response.HTTPResponse`
            :param Exception error: An error encountered during the request, or
                None if the response was received successfully.
    
            :return: A new ``Retry`` object.
            """
        if self.total is False and error:
            # Disabled, indicate to re-raise the error.
            raise six.reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
    
        total = self.total
        if total is not None:
            total -= 1
    
        connect = self.connect
        read = self.read
        redirect = self.redirect
        status_count = self.status
        cause = 'unknown'
        status = None
        redirect_location = None
    
        if error and self._is_connection_error(error):
            # Connect retry?
            if connect is False:
                raise six.reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
            elif connect is not None:
                connect -= 1
    
        elif error and self._is_read_error(error):
            # Read retry?
            if read is False or not self._is_method_retryable(method):
                raise six.reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
            elif read is not None:
                read -= 1
    
        elif response and response.get_redirect_location():
            # Redirect retry?
            if redirect is not None:
                redirect -= 1
            cause = 'too many redirects'
            redirect_location = response.get_redirect_location()
            status = response.status
    
        else:
            # Incrementing because of a server error like a 500 in
            # status_forcelist and a the given method is in the whitelist
            cause = ResponseError.GENERIC_ERROR
            if response and response.status:
                if status_count is not None:
                    status_count -= 1
                cause = ResponseError.SPECIFIC_ERROR.format(
                    status_code=response.status)
                status = response.status
    
        history = self.history + (RequestHistory(method, url, error, status, redirect_location),)
    
        new_retry = self.new(
            total=total,
            connect=connect, read=read, redirect=redirect, status=status_count,
            history=history)
    
        if new_retry.is_exhausted():
>           raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause))
E           urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPConnectionPool(host='130.125.10.27', port=1081): Max retries exceeded with url: /20171024_IlluminationTests/StabilityTest.scan (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f3bd7ca8898>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 110] Connection timed out',))

../../../../miniconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/urllib3/util/retry.py:388: MaxRetryError

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

self = <test_httpdict.TestHttpDict testMethod=test_load>

    def test_load(self):
        url = "http://130.125.10.27:1081/20171024_IlluminationTests/StabilityTest.scan"
    
>       dict_httpdict = httpdict(url)

tests/test_httpdict.py:16: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
mmappickle/http.py:117: in httpdict
    return mmapdict(http_file_wrapper(url, cache_size), readonly=True, picklers=[GenericPickler])
mmappickle/http.py:16: in __init__
    info = requests.head(url)
../../../../miniconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/api.py:98: in head
    return request('head', url, **kwargs)
../../../../miniconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/api.py:58: in request
    return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
../../../../miniconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/sessions.py:508: in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
../../../../miniconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/sessions.py:618: in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

self = <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter object at 0x7f3bd7c95f28>
request = <PreparedRequest [HEAD]>, stream = False
timeout = <urllib3.util.timeout.Timeout object at 0x7f3bdc31d4a8>, verify = True
cert = None, proxies = OrderedDict()

    def send(self, request, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None):
        """Sends PreparedRequest object. Returns Response object.
    
            :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent.
            :param stream: (optional) Whether to stream the request content.
            :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send
                data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout,
                read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
            :type timeout: float or tuple or urllib3 Timeout object
            :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether
                we verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it
                must be a path to a CA bundle to use
            :param cert: (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be trusted.
            :param proxies: (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request.
            :rtype: requests.Response
            """
    
        conn = self.get_connection(request.url, proxies)
    
        self.cert_verify(conn, request.url, verify, cert)
        url = self.request_url(request, proxies)
        self.add_headers(request)
    
        chunked = not (request.body is None or 'Content-Length' in request.headers)
    
        if isinstance(timeout, tuple):
            try:
                connect, read = timeout
                timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=connect, read=read)
            except ValueError as e:
                # this may raise a string formatting error.
                err = ("Invalid timeout {0}. Pass a (connect, read) "
                       "timeout tuple, or a single float to set "
                       "both timeouts to the same value".format(timeout))
                raise ValueError(err)
        elif isinstance(timeout, TimeoutSauce):
            pass
        else:
            timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=timeout, read=timeout)
    
        try:
            if not chunked:
                resp = conn.urlopen(
                    method=request.method,
                    url=url,
                    body=request.body,
                    headers=request.headers,
                    redirect=False,
                    assert_same_host=False,
                    preload_content=False,
                    decode_content=False,
                    retries=self.max_retries,
                    timeout=timeout
                )
    
            # Send the request.
            else:
                if hasattr(conn, 'proxy_pool'):
                    conn = conn.proxy_pool
    
                low_conn = conn._get_conn(timeout=DEFAULT_POOL_TIMEOUT)
    
                try:
                    low_conn.putrequest(request.method,
                                        url,
                                        skip_accept_encoding=True)
    
                    for header, value in request.headers.items():
                        low_conn.putheader(header, value)
    
                    low_conn.endheaders()
    
                    for i in request.body:
                        low_conn.send(hex(len(i))[2:].encode('utf-8'))
                        low_conn.send(b'\r\n')
                        low_conn.send(i)
                        low_conn.send(b'\r\n')
                    low_conn.send(b'0\r\n\r\n')
    
                    # Receive the response from the server
                    try:
                        # For Python 2.7+ versions, use buffering of HTTP
                        # responses
                        r = low_conn.getresponse(buffering=True)
                    except TypeError:
                        # For compatibility with Python 2.6 versions and back
                        r = low_conn.getresponse()
    
                    resp = HTTPResponse.from_httplib(
                        r,
                        pool=conn,
                        connection=low_conn,
                        preload_content=False,
                        decode_content=False
                    )
                except:
                    # If we hit any problems here, clean up the connection.
                    # Then, reraise so that we can handle the actual exception.
                    low_conn.close()
                    raise
    
        except (ProtocolError, socket.error) as err:
            raise ConnectionError(err, request=request)
    
        except MaxRetryError as e:
            if isinstance(e.reason, ConnectTimeoutError):
                # TODO: Remove this in 3.0.0: see #2811
                if not isinstance(e.reason, NewConnectionError):
                    raise ConnectTimeout(e, request=request)
    
            if isinstance(e.reason, ResponseError):
                raise RetryError(e, request=request)
    
            if isinstance(e.reason, _ProxyError):
                raise ProxyError(e, request=request)
    
            if isinstance(e.reason, _SSLError):
                # This branch is for urllib3 v1.22 and later.
                raise SSLError(e, request=request)
    
>           raise ConnectionError(e, request=request)
E           requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPConnectionPool(host='130.125.10.27', port=1081): Max retries exceeded with url: /20171024_IlluminationTests/StabilityTest.scan (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f3bd7ca8898>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 110] Connection timed out',))

../../../../miniconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/adapters.py:508: ConnectionError
--------------------------------- Captured log call ---------------------------------
connectionpool.py          208 DEBUG    Starting new HTTP connection (1): 130.125.10.27

 tests/test_httpdict.py ⨯                                             100% ██████████

----------- coverage: platform linux, python 3.6.4-final-0 -----------
Name                              Stmts   Miss  Cover   Missing
---------------------------------------------------------------
mmappickle/__init__.py                7      2    71%   7-9
mmappickle/dict.py                  441     95    78%   71-72, 77-78, 82-83, 88-89, 94-95, 98-99, 102-103, 106-107, 110-111, 128, 329, 338, 347, 356, 372, 390, 418, 423, 426, 439-440, 459-472, 476-482, 488, 582, 612, 631, 694, 706, 752-796, 800-806
mmappickle/http.py                   79     55    30%   17-27, 30-43, 46-53, 57-66, 69-95, 98, 101, 104, 107, 110
mmappickle/picklers/__init__.py       9      2    78%   10-12
mmappickle/picklers/base.py          84      8    90%   26, 32, 37, 45, 78-79, 101, 108
mmappickle/picklers/numpy.py        109     10    91%   40, 80, 82, 86, 106, 108, 112-115, 126
mmappickle/stubs/__init__.py          7      2    71%   7-9
mmappickle/stubs/numpy.py            12      0   100%
mmappickle/utils.py                  41      6    85%   22, 38-43, 50
---------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL                               789    180    77%

================================= warnings summary ==================================
tests/test_dict.py::TestConvert::test_vacuum
  /home/lemaitre/Documents/code/toolbox/mmappickle/mmappickle/dict.py:74: UserWarning: File is not a pickle file of version 4
    warnings.warn("File is not a pickle file of version 4")
  /home/lemaitre/Documents/code/toolbox/mmappickle/mmappickle/dict.py:700: UserWarning: Converting to new format... this may require a LOT of memory...
    warnings.warn("Converting to new format... this may require a LOT of memory...")

-- Docs: http://doc.pytest.org/en/latest/warnings.html

Results (130.49s):
      20 passed
       1 failed
         - tests/test_httpdict.py:13 TestHttpDict.test_load

JOSS - Documentation

I really think that you should improve the landing page of the documentation. Provide the visions of the project and the use case in which a user need your package. In this regard I might remove the getting started and add it to the landing page.

You might want to add additional use case examples, in a gallery for instance (you might want to check sphinx-gallery).

Linux requirement?

I was about to use this, but it seems like the package fcntl is only available on linux. I love this idea though!

JOSS - PEP8

The code is not following in general. I should follow this standard since that it makes the code more readable. You might want to use autoflake/autopep8/yapf to ease the task.

JOSS - coveralls

Since that you are computing the coverage, you could use coveralls in your PR and the badge to track the coverage of the project. It required more or less a line code in the CI script.

JOSS - Test coverage

----------- coverage: platform linux, python 3.6.4-final-0 -----------
Name                              Stmts   Miss  Cover   Missing
---------------------------------------------------------------
mmappickle/__init__.py                7      2    71%   7-9
mmappickle/dict.py                  441     95    78%   71-72, 77-78, 82-83, 88-89, 94-95, 98-99, 102-103, 106-107, 110-111, 128, 329, 338, 347, 356, 372, 390, 418, 423, 426, 439-440, 459-472, 476-482, 488, 582, 612, 631, 694, 706, 752-796, 800-806
mmappickle/http.py                   79     55    30%   17-27, 30-43, 46-53, 57-66, 69-95, 98, 101, 104, 107, 110
mmappickle/picklers/__init__.py       9      2    78%   10-12
mmappickle/picklers/base.py          84      8    90%   26, 32, 37, 45, 78-79, 101, 108
mmappickle/picklers/numpy.py        109     10    91%   40, 80, 82, 86, 106, 108, 112-115, 126
mmappickle/stubs/__init__.py          7      2    71%   7-9
mmappickle/stubs/numpy.py            12      0   100%
mmappickle/utils.py                  41      6    85%   22, 38-43, 50
---------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL                               789    180    77%

The package needs to be more covered. The coverage is to low.

JOSS - Add contributing guide

You should add a contributing guide: how to open issue, submit PR, etc.
You can add the template in the GitHub as well.

JOSS - Version

There is no variable __version__ accessible which is usually something quite standard.
You should create a _version.py module in which you define the version and import it in __init__.py
You can read _version.py inside the setup.py to not have to import directly.

Basically I am expecting something like:

import mmappickle
print(mmappickle.__version__)
'1.0.0'

JOSS - Installation

Install from PyPi

You should not ask for pip3

Install from source

Mention the dependencies before the install. You can mention that they are optional as well.

git clone https://github.com/UniNE-CHYN/mmappickle
cd mmappickle
sudo python3 setup.py install

This is a bad practice to show install using sudo. Also you should use pip to install as well from source

pip install .

or in developer mode

pip install -e .

int64 error

The following code does not work:

import numpy as np
from mmappickle import mmapdict

m = mmapdict("/tmp/test.mmdpickle")                                                                                                                                                              
a = np.array(1234, dtype=np.int64)
m['a'] = a

print("type m[a]=", type(m['a']))

I get the following error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/dbg.py", line 13, in <module>
    print("type m[a]=", type(m['a']))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/mmappickle/utils.py", line 53, in lock_wrapper
    return f(self, *a, **kw)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/mmappickle/dict.py", line 613, in __getitem__
    return pickler.read(data_offset, data_length)[0]
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/mmappickle/utils.py", line 11, in save_file_position_wrapper
    return f(self, *a, **kw)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/mmappickle/picklers/numpy.py", line 115, in read
    assert False, "Invalid element type: 0x{:02x}".format(ord(shapeelementtype))
AssertionError: Invalid element type: 0x29

tested on Ubuntu 20.04 with python 3.8.10 and numpy 1.23.5.

JOSS - CI

I would expect to test to be run in a windows CI. You can use appveyor.

Recommend Projects

  • React photo React

    A declarative, efficient, and flexible JavaScript library for building user interfaces.

  • Vue.js photo Vue.js

    🖖 Vue.js is a progressive, incrementally-adoptable JavaScript framework for building UI on the web.

  • Typescript photo Typescript

    TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript that compiles to clean JavaScript output.

  • TensorFlow photo TensorFlow

    An Open Source Machine Learning Framework for Everyone

  • Django photo Django

    The Web framework for perfectionists with deadlines.

  • D3 photo D3

    Bring data to life with SVG, Canvas and HTML. 📊📈🎉

Recommend Topics

  • javascript

    JavaScript (JS) is a lightweight interpreted programming language with first-class functions.

  • web

    Some thing interesting about web. New door for the world.

  • server

    A server is a program made to process requests and deliver data to clients.

  • Machine learning

    Machine learning is a way of modeling and interpreting data that allows a piece of software to respond intelligently.

  • Game

    Some thing interesting about game, make everyone happy.

Recommend Org

  • Facebook photo Facebook

    We are working to build community through open source technology. NB: members must have two-factor auth.

  • Microsoft photo Microsoft

    Open source projects and samples from Microsoft.

  • Google photo Google

    Google ❤️ Open Source for everyone.

  • D3 photo D3

    Data-Driven Documents codes.