xiazhouzero / irqdebloat

IRQDebloat

IRQDebloat aims to automate the reverse engineering of hardware interrupt (IRQ) handlers, and gives user the option to disable the handlers they find unnecessary (or annoying). Especially in more complicated systems, IRQ handlers are often wrapped in multiple layers of chained handlers or sugars, and loaded dynamically during bootstrap.

We first transfer the system state (a snapshot of RAM and the CPU registers) from a real system and resume execution in PANDA. Then, we use coverage guided fuzzing to emulate and explore the interrupts. We'll then analyze the traces with a new sematic diff algorithm to find out the handler addresses. In the end, we patch the firmware to log and/or disable each interrupt handlers. Currently support Arm32 and MIPS Rev.1. For more details, please refer to our paper which will also appear in Oakland S&P 2022.

Dataset

	Linux	FreeBSD	RiscOS	VxWorks	MMIO blacklist
Raspberry Pi	data/raspi/linux	data/raspi/freebsd	data/raspi/riscos	N/A	data/raspi/raspi.bl
BeagleBone	data/beaglebone/linux	N/A	N/A	N/A	data/beaglebone/beagle.bl
SABRE Lite	data/sabrelite/linux	N/A	N/A	data/sabrelite/vxworks	data/sabrelite/sabrelite.bl
Samsung NURI	data/nuri/linux	N/A	N/A	N/A	data/nuri/nuri.bl
Romulus	data/romulus/linux	N/A	N/A	N/A	data/romulus/romulus.bl
WRT54GL	data/wrt/linux	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
SteamLink	data/steamlink/linux	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

^{* Some of memory dump files are split into multiple parts to fit in 100MB size limit. use cat mem.gz_part.*>mem.gz to reassemble}

Build

LLVM 3.3 is required to build PANDA (fuzzer/buildllvm.sh). Make sure to install it under repo root llvm dir, and then run fuzzer/build.sh to build PANDA.

Trace analysis depends on Binary Ninja. All scripts are tested on the Headless version. May require Unicorn dependency when analyzing MIPS traces.

Run

Dump Memory && CPU

• JTAG support: OpenOCD, Configs
• Linux Kernel Module: Patched LiME
• QEMU dump: pmemsave and info registers

Explore Interrupts

• Coverge Guided Fuzzing:

arm-softmmu/qemu-system-arm \
  -machine rehosting,mem-map="MEM {physical_ram_start}-{physical_ram_end}[;Mem ...]" \
  -panda iofuzz2:mem={mem_dump}[|multi_mem_dumps],cpu={cpu_dump},timeout=32,ncpu=128,dir={output_dir}[,consistent_io_prob=0.8] \
  -display none -cpu {cpu_model}

Analyze Traces

• Preprocessing

  • Find Frequently Accessed MMIO: iofuzztrace.py {trace_path} {output_dir}
  • Regroup MMIO sequences: iofuzztrace.py -l {mmio_blacklist} {trace_path} {output_dir}
  • Replay MMIO: ./trace.py {ostag} {output_dir} {cpu_dump} {mem_dump} -r {replay_dir} [-l {mmio_blacklist}]

• Trace Analysis: ./analyze/analysis.py {tracedir} {cpu_dump} {mem_dump} {outdir} {ostag}

• Postprocessing: ./analyze/div_spectrum.py {tracedir} {cpu_dump} {mem_dump} {outdir} {ostag}

ostag: [romulus|beagle|linux|freebsd|riscos|sabre|vxwork|nuri|steamlink|wrt]

Patch Firmware

• Firmware Patching (Tested on RaspberryPi2)

  • Logging: instrument/patch_*.py
  • Disable: instrument/disable_*.py (Note: FreeBSD specific)

• Linux Kernel Module Patching