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# ubuntu常用命令
- 打开文件管理器
nautilus
- 以管理员身份打开文件管理器
sudo nautilus
- 在文件管理器中打开文件、文件夹
nautilus file/folder
- 文件夹改名
mv filename filename
- 删除一个空文件夹
rmdir folder
- 创建一个空文件
touch file
- 删除一个非空目录下的一切
rm -rf
- 删除一个文件或者多个文件
rm file1 file2
- 返回当前工作目录的绝对路径
pwd
- 复制文件
cp dest1 dest2 將dest1的文件复制到dest2
cp folder/* dest 將folder下的所以文件(不含子文件夹中的文件)复制到dest中
cp -r folder dest 將folder下所有文件(包含子文件夹中欧给你的所有文件)复制到dest中
- 输出文件到终端
cat file
- 输出文件到终端并显示行号
cat -n file
ln
ln
主要用于在两个文件中创建链接,链接又分为 Hard Links (硬链接)和 Symbolic Links (符号链接或软链接),其中默认为创建硬链接,使用 -s 参数指定创建软链接。
- 硬链接主要是增加一个文件的链接数,只要该文件的链接数不为 0 ,该文件就不会被物理删除,所以删除一个具有多个硬链接数的文件,必须删除所有它的硬链接才可删除。
- 软链接简单来说是为文件创建了一个类似快捷方式的东西,通过该链接可以访问文件,修改文件,但不会增加该文件的链接数,删除一个软链接并不会删除源文件,即使源文件被删除,软链接也存在,当重新创建一个同名的源文件,该软链接则指向新创建的文件。
- 硬链接只可链接两个文件,不可链接目录,而软链接可链接目录,所以软链接是非常灵活的。
ln source dest ### 为 source 创建一个名为 dest 的硬链接
ln -s source dest ### 为 source 创建一个名为 dest 的软链接
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