purl - A simple Python URL class
A simple, immutable URL class with a clean API for interrogation and manipulation. Supports Pythons 2.7, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8 and pypy.
Also supports template URLs as per RFC 6570
Contents:
Docs
http://purl.readthedocs.org/en/latest/
Install
From PyPI (stable):
$ pip install purl
From Github (unstable):
$ pip install git+git://github.com/codeinthehole/purl.git#egg=purl
Use
Construct:
>>> from purl import URL
# String constructor
>>> from_str = URL('https://www.google.com/search?q=testing')
# Keyword constructor
>>> from_kwargs = URL(scheme='https', host='www.google.com', path='/search', query='q=testing')
# Combine
>>> from_combo = URL('https://www.google.com').path('search').query_param('q', 'testing')URL objects are immutable - all mutator methods return a new instance.
Interrogate:
>>> u = URL('https://www.google.com/search?q=testing')
>>> u.scheme()
'https'
>>> u.host()
'www.google.com'
>>> u.domain()
'www.google.com'
>>> u.username()
>>> u.password()
>>> u.netloc()
'www.google.com'
>>> u.port()
>>> u.path()
'/search'
>>> u.query()
'q=testing'
>>> u.fragment()
''
>>> u.path_segment(0)
'search'
>>> u.path_segments()
('search',)
>>> u.query_param('q')
'testing'
>>> u.query_param('q', as_list=True)
['testing']
>>> u.query_param('lang', default='GB')
'GB'
>>> u.query_params()
{'q': ['testing']}
>>> u.has_query_param('q')
True
>>> u.has_query_params(('q', 'r'))
False
>>> u.subdomains()
['www', 'google', 'com']
>>> u.subdomain(0)
'www'Note that each accessor method is overloaded to be a mutator method too, similar to the jQuery API. Eg:
>>> u = URL.from_string('https://github.com/codeinthehole')
# Access
>>> u.path_segment(0)
'codeinthehole'
# Mutate (creates a new instance)
>>> new_url = u.path_segment(0, 'tangentlabs')
>>> new_url is u
False
>>> new_url.path_segment(0)
'tangentlabs'Hence, you can build a URL up in steps:
>>> u = URL().scheme('http').domain('www.example.com').path('/some/path').query_param('q', 'search term')
>>> u.as_string()
'http://www.example.com/some/path?q=search+term'Along with the above overloaded methods, there is also a add_path_segment
method for adding a segment at the end of the current path:
>>> new_url = u.add_path_segment('here')
>>> new_url.as_string()
'http://www.example.com/some/path/here?q=search+term'Couple of other things:
- Since the URL class is immutable it can be used as a key in a dictionary
- It can be pickled and restored
- It supports equality operations
- It supports equality operations
URL templates can be used either via a Template class:
>>> from purl import Template
>>> tpl = Template("http://example.com{/list*}")
>>> url = tpl.expand({'list': ['red', 'green', 'blue']})
>>> url.as_string()
'http://example.com/red/green/blue'or the expand function:
>>> from purl import expand
>>> expand(u"{/list*}", {'list': ['red', 'green', 'blue']})
'/red/green/blue'A wide variety of expansions are possible - refer to the RFC for more details.
Changelog
v1.6 - 2021-05-15
- Use pytest insteed of nose.
- Fix warning around regex string.
v1.5 - 2019-03-10
- Allow @ in passwords.
v1.4 - 2018-03-11
- Allow usernames and passwords to be removed from URLs.
v1.3.1
- Ensure paths always have a leading slash.
v1.3
- Allow absolute URLs to be converted into relative.
v1.2
- Support password-less URLs.
- Allow slashes to be passed as path segments.
v1.1
- Support setting username and password via mutator methods
v1.0.3
- Handle some unicode compatibility edge-cases
v1.0.2
- Fix template expansion bug with no matching variables being passed in. This
ensures
purl.Templateworks correctly with the URLs returned from the Github API.
v1.0.1
- Fix bug with special characters in paths not being escaped.
v1.0
- Slight tidy up. Document support for PyPy and Python 3.4.
v0.8
- Support for RFC 6570 URI templates
v0.7
- All internal strings are unicode.
- Support for unicode chars in path, fragment, query, auth added.
v0.6
- Added
append_query_parammethod - Added
remove_query_parammethod
v0.5
- Added support for Python 3.2/3.3 (thanks @pmcnr and @mitchellrj)
v0.4.1
- Added API docs
- Added to readthedocs.org
v0.4
- Modified constructor to accept full URL string as first arg
- Added
add_path_segmentmethod
v0.3.2
- Fixed bug port number in string when using from_string constructor
v0.3.1
- Fixed bug with passing lists to query param setter methods
v0.3
- Added support for comparison and equality
- Added support for pickling
- Added
__slots__so instances can be used as keys within dictionaries
Contribute
Clone, create a virtualenv then install purl and the packages required for testing:
$ git clone [email protected]:codeinthehole/purl.git $ cd purl $ mkvirtualenv purl # requires virtualenvwrapper (purl) $ make
Ensure tests pass using:
(purl) $ pytest
or:
$ tox
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