doytsujin / kubescape

kubescape is the first tool for testing if Kubernetes is deployed securely as defined in Kubernetes Hardening Guidance by to NSA and CISA (https://www.nsa.gov/News-Features/Feature-Stories/Article-View/Article/2716980/nsa-cisa-release-kubernetes-hardening-guidance/)

Kubescape is a K8s open-source tool providing a multi-cloud K8s single pane of glass, including risk analysis, security compliance, RBAC visualizer and image vulnerabilities scanning. Kubescape scans K8s clusters, YAML files, and HELM charts, detecting misconfigurations according to multiple frameworks (such as the NSA-CISA , MITRE ATT&CK®), software vulnerabilities, and RBAC (role-based-access-control) violations at early stages of the CI/CD pipeline, calculates risk score instantly and shows risk trends over time. It became one of the fastest-growing Kubernetes tools among developers due to its easy-to-use CLI interface, flexible output formats, and automated scanning capabilities, saving Kubernetes users and admins’ precious time, effort, and resources. Kubescape integrates natively with other DevOps tools, including Jenkins, CircleCI, Github workflows, Prometheus, and Slack, and supports multi-cloud K8s deployments like EKS, GKE, and AKS.

TL;DR

Install:

curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/armosec/kubescape/master/install.sh | /bin/bash

Install on windows

Install on macOS

Run:

kubescape scan --submit --enable-host-scan

Kubescape is an open source project, we welcome your feedback and ideas for improvement. We’re also aiming to collaborate with the Kubernetes community to help make the tests themselves more robust and complete as Kubernetes develops.

Click 👍 if you want us to continue to develop and improve Kubescape 😀

Being part of the team

We invite you to our team! We are excited about this project and want to return the love we get.

Want to contribute? Want to discuss something? Have an issue?

• Open a issue, we are trying to respond within 48 hours
• Join us in a discussion on our discord server!

Options and examples

Playground

• Kubescape playground

Tutorials

• Overview
• How To Secure Kubernetes Clusters With Kubescape And Armo
• Scanning Kubernetes YAML files
• Scan Kubescape on an air-gapped environment (offline support)
• Managing exceptions in the Kubescape SaaS version

Install on Windows

Requires powershell v5.0+

iwr -useb https://raw.githubusercontent.com/armosec/kubescape/master/install.ps1 | iex

Note: if you get an error you might need to change the execution policy (i.e. enable Powershell) with

Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -scope CurrentUser

Install on macOS

1.  brew tap armosec/kubescape
   

2.  brew install kubescape
   

Flags

flag	default	description	options
-e/--exclude-namespaces	Scan all namespaces	Namespaces to exclude from scanning. Recommended to exclude kube-system and kube-public namespaces
--include-namespaces	Scan all namespaces	Scan specific namespaces
-s/--silent	Display progress messages	Silent progress messages
-t/--fail-threshold	100 (do not fail)	fail command (return exit code 1) if result is above threshold	0 -> 100
-f/--format	pretty-printer	Output format	pretty-printer/json/junit/prometheus
-o/--output	print to stdout	Save scan result in file
--use-from		Load local framework object from specified path. If not used will download latest
--use-artifacts-from		Load artifacts (frameworks, control-config, exceptions) from local directory. If not used will download them
--use-default	false	Load local framework object from default path. If not used will download latest	true/false
--exceptions		Path to an exceptions obj, examples. Default will download exceptions from Kubescape SaaS
--controls-config		Path to a controls-config obj. If not set will download controls-config from ARMO management portal
--submit	false	If set, Kubescape will send the scan results to Armo management portal where you can see the results in a user-friendly UI, choose your preferred compliance framework, check risk results history and trends, manage exceptions, get remediation recommendations and much more. By default the results are not sent	true/false
--keep-local	false	Kubescape will not send scan results to Armo management portal. Use this flag if you ran with the --submit flag in the past and you do not want to submit your current scan results	true/false
--account		Armo portal account ID. Default will load account ID from configMap or config file
--kube-context	current-context	Cluster context to scan
--verbose	false	Display all of the input resources and not only failed resources	true/false
--logger	info	Set the logger level	debug/info/success/warning/error/fatal

Usage & Examples

Examples

Scan a running Kubernetes cluster and submit results to the Kubescape SaaS version

kubescape scan --submit

Scan a running Kubernetes cluster with nsa framework and submit results to the Kubescape SaaS version

kubescape scan framework nsa --submit

Scan a running Kubernetes cluster with MITRE ATT&CK® framework and submit results to the Kubescape SaaS version

kubescape scan framework mitre --submit

Scan a running Kubernetes cluster with a specific control using the control name or control ID. List of controls

kubescape scan control "Privileged container"

Scan specific namespaces

kubescape scan --include-namespaces development,staging,production

Scan cluster and exclude some namespaces

kubescape scan --exclude-namespaces kube-system,kube-public

Scan local yaml/json files before deploying. Take a look at the demonstration

kubescape scan *.yaml

Scan kubernetes manifest files from a public github repository

kubescape scan https://github.com/armosec/kubescape

Display all scanned resources (including the resources who passed)

kubescape scan --verbose

Output in json format

kubescape scan --format json --output results.json

Output in junit xml format

kubescape scan --format junit --output results.xml

Output in prometheus metrics format - Contributed by @Joibel

kubescape scan --format prometheus

Scan with exceptions, objects with exceptions will be presented as exclude and not fail

Full documentation

kubescape scan --exceptions examples/exceptions/exclude-kube-namespaces.json

Scan Helm charts - Render the helm chart using helm template and pass to stdout

helm template [NAME] [CHART] [flags] --dry-run | kubescape scan -

e.g.

helm template bitnami/mysql --generate-name --dry-run | kubescape scan -

Offline/Air-gaped Environment Support

Video tutorial

It is possible to run Kubescape offline!

Download all artifacts

1. Download and save in local directory, if path not specified, will save all in ~/.kubescape

kubescape download artifacts --output path/to/local/dir

2. Copy the downloaded artifacts to the air-gaped/offline environment

3. Scan using the downloaded artifacts

kubescape scan --use-artifacts-from path/to/local/dir

Download a single artifacts

You can also download a single artifacts and scan with the --use-from flag

1. Download and save in file, if file name not specified, will save in ~/.kubescape/<framework name>.json

kubescape download framework nsa --output /path/nsa.json

2. Copy the downloaded artifacts to the air-gaped/offline environment

3. Scan using the downloaded framework

kubescape scan framework nsa --use-from /path/nsa.json

Scan Periodically using Helm - Contributed by @yonahd

Please follow the instructions here helm chart repo

Scan using docker image

Official Docker image quay.io/armosec/kubescape

docker run -v "$(pwd)/example.yaml:/app/example.yaml  quay.io/armosec/kubescape scan /app/example.yaml

Submit data manually

Use the submit command if you wish to submit data manually

Submit scan results manually

First, scan your cluster using the json format flag: kubescape scan framework <name> --format json --output path/to/results.json.

Now you can submit the results to the Kubaescape SaaS version -

kubescape submit results path/to/results.json

How to build

Build using python (3.7^) script

Kubescape can be built using:

python build.py

Note: In order to built using the above script, one must set the environment variables in this script:

• RELEASE
• ArmoBEServer
• ArmoERServer
• ArmoWebsite
• ArmoAuthServer

Build using go

Note: development (and the release process) is done with Go 1.17

1. Clone Project

git clone https://github.com/armosec/kubescape.git kubescape && cd "$_"

2. Build

go build -o kubescape .

3. Run

./kubescape scan --submit --enable-host-scan

4. Enjoy 🤪

Docker Build

Build your own Docker image

1. Clone Project

git clone https://github.com/armosec/kubescape.git kubescape && cd "$_"

2. Build

docker build -t kubescape -f build/Dockerfile .

Under the hood

Tests

Kubescape is running the following tests according to what is defined by Kubernetes Hardening Guidance by NSA and CISA

• Non-root containers
• Immutable container filesystem
• Privileged containers
• hostPID, hostIPC privileges
• hostNetwork access
• allowedHostPaths field
• Protecting pod service account tokens
• Resource policies
• Control plane hardening
• Exposed dashboard
• Allow privilege escalation
• Applications credentials in configuration files
• Cluster-admin binding
• Exec into container
• Dangerous capabilities
• Insecure capabilities
• Linux hardening
• Ingress and Egress blocked
• Container hostPort
• Network policies
• Symlink Exchange Can Allow Host Filesystem Access (CVE-2021-25741)

Technology

Kubescape based on OPA engine: https://github.com/open-policy-agent/opa and ARMO's posture controls.

The tools retrieves Kubernetes objects from the API server and runs a set of regos snippets developed by ARMO.

The results by default printed in a pretty "console friendly" manner, but they can be retrieved in JSON format for further processing.

Kubescape is an open source project, we welcome your feedback and ideas for improvement. We’re also aiming to collaborate with the Kubernetes community to help make the tests themselves more robust and complete as Kubernetes develops.

Thanks to all the contributors ❤️