- [2024/01] DeepSpeed-FastGen: Introducting Mixtral, Phi-2, and Falcon support with major performance and feature enhancements.
- [2023/11] DeepSpeed-FastGen: High-throughput Text Generation for LLMs via MII and DeepSpeed-Inference
- [2022/11] Stable Diffusion Image Generation under 1 second w. DeepSpeed MII
- [2022/10] Announcing DeepSpeed Model Implementations for Inference (MII)
Introducing MII, an open-source Python library designed by DeepSpeed to democratize powerful model inference with a focus on high-throughput, low latency, and cost-effectiveness.
- MII features include blocked KV-caching, continuous batching, Dynamic SplitFuse, tensor parallelism, and high-performance CUDA kernels to support fast high throughput text-generation for LLMs such as Llama-2-70B, Mixtral (MoE) 8x7B, and Phi-2. The latest updates in v0.2 add new model families, performance optimizations, and feature enhancements. MII now delivers up to 2.5 times higher effective throughput compared to leading systems such as vLLM. For detailed performance results please see our latest DeepSpeed-FastGen blog and DeepSpeed-FastGen release blog.
- We first announced MII in 2022, which covers all prior releases up to v0.0.9. In addition to language models, we also support accelerating text2image models like Stable Diffusion. For more details on our previous releases please see our legacy APIs.
MII provides accelerated text-generation inference through the use of four key technologies:
- Blocked KV Caching
- Continuous Batching
- Dynamic SplitFuse
- High Performance CUDA Kernels
For a deeper dive into understanding these features please refer to our blog which also includes a detailed performance analysis.
In the past, MII introduced several key performance optimizations for low-latency serving scenarios:
- DeepFusion for Transformers
- Multi-GPU Inference with Tensor-Slicing
- ZeRO-Inference for Resource Constrained Systems
- Compiler Optimizations
Figure 1: MII architecture, showing how MII automatically optimizes OSS models using DS-Inference before deploying them. DeepSpeed-FastGen optimizations in the figure have been published in our blog post.
Under-the-hood MII is powered by DeepSpeed-Inference. Based on the model architecture, model size, batch size, and available hardware resources, MII automatically applies the appropriate set of system optimizations to minimize latency and maximize throughput.
MII currently supports over 37,000 models across eight popular model architectures. We plan to add additional models in the near term, if there are specific model architectures you would like supported please file an issue and let us know. All current models leverage Hugging Face in our backend to provide both the model weights and the model's corresponding tokenizer. For our current release we support the following model architectures:
model family | size range | ~model count |
---|---|---|
falcon | 7B - 180B | 500 |
llama | 7B - 65B | 52,000 |
llama-2 | 7B - 70B | 1,200 |
mistral | 7B | 23,000 |
mixtral (MoE) | 8x7B | 2,900 |
opt | 0.1B - 66B | 2,100 |
phi-2 | 2.7B | 1,500 |
qwen | 7B - 72B | 500 |
MII Legacy APIs support over 50,000 different models including BERT, RoBERTa, Stable Diffusion, and other text-generation models like Bloom, GPT-J, etc. For a full list please see our legacy supported models table.
DeepSpeed-MII allows users to create non-persistent and persistent deployments for supported models in just a few lines of code.
The fasest way to get started is with our PyPI release of DeepSpeed-MII which means you can get started within minutes via:
pip install deepspeed-mii
For ease of use and significant reduction in lengthy compile times that many projects require in this space we distribute a pre-compiled python wheel covering the majority of our custom kernels through a new library called DeepSpeed-Kernels. We have found this library to be very portable across environments with NVIDIA GPUs with compute capabilities 8.0+ (Ampere+), CUDA 11.6+, and Ubuntu 20+. In most cases you shouldn't even need to know this library exists as it is a dependency of DeepSpeed-MII and will be installed with it. However, if for whatever reason you need to compile our kernels manually please see our advanced installation docs.
A non-persistent pipeline is a great way to try DeepSpeed-MII. Non-persistent pipelines are only around for the duration of the python script you are running. The full example for running a non-persistent pipeline deployment is only 4 lines. Give it a try!
import mii
pipe = mii.pipeline("mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1")
response = pipe(["DeepSpeed is", "Seattle is"], max_new_tokens=128)
print(response)
The returned response
is a list of Response
objects. We can access several details about the generation (e.g., response[0].prompt_length
):
generated_text: str
Text generated by the model.prompt_length: int
Number of tokens in the original prompt.generated_length: int
Number of tokens generated.finish_reason: str
Reason for stopping generation.stop
indicates the EOS token was generated andlength
indicates the generation reachedmax_new_tokens
ormax_length
.
If you want to free device memory and destroy the pipeline, use the destroy
method:
pipe.destroy()
Taking advantage of multi-GPU systems for greater performance is easy with MII. When run with the deepspeed
launcher, tensor parallelism is automatically controlled by the --num_gpus
flag:
# Run on a single GPU
deepspeed --num_gpus 1 mii-example.py
# Run on multiple GPUs
deepspeed --num_gpus 2 mii-example.py
While only the model name or path is required to stand up a non-persistent pipeline deployment, we offer customization options to our users:
mii.pipeline()
Options:
model_name_or_path: str
Name or local path to a HuggingFace model.max_length: int
Sets the default maximum token length for the prompt + response.all_rank_output: bool
When enabled, all ranks return the generated text. By default, only rank 0 will return text.
Users can also control the generation characteristics for individual prompts (i.e., when calling pipe()
) with the following options:
max_length: int
Sets the per-prompt maximum token length for prompt + response.min_new_tokens: int
Sets the minimum number of tokens generated in the response.max_length
will take precedence over this setting.max_new_tokens: int
Sets the maximum number of tokens generated in the response.ignore_eos: bool
(Defaults toFalse
) Setting toTrue
prevents generation from ending when the EOS token is encountered.top_p: float
(Defaults to0.9
) When set below1.0
, filter tokens and keep only the most probable, where token probabilities sum to โฅtop_p
.top_k: int
(Defaults toNone
) WhenNone
, top-k filtering is disabled. When set, the number of highest probability tokens to keep.temperature: float
(Defaults toNone
) WhenNone
, temperature is disabled. When set, modulates token probabilities.do_sample: bool
(Defaults toTrue
) WhenTrue
, sample output logits. WhenFalse
, use greedy sampling.return_full_text: bool
(Defaults toFalse
) WhenTrue
, prepends the input prompt to the returned text
A persistent deployment is ideal for use with long-running and production applications. The persistent model uses a lightweight GRPC server that can be queried by multiple clients at once. The full example for running a persistent model is only 5 lines. Give it a try!
import mii
client = mii.serve("mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1")
response = client.generate(["Deepspeed is", "Seattle is"], max_new_tokens=128)
print(response)
The returned response
is a list of Response
objects. We can access several details about the generation (e.g., response[0].prompt_length
):
generated_text: str
Text generated by the model.prompt_length: int
Number of tokens in the original prompt.generated_length: int
Number of tokens generated.finish_reason: str
Reason for stopping generation.stop
indicates the EOS token was generated andlength
indicates the generation reachedmax_new_tokens
ormax_length
.
If we want to generate text from other processes, we can do that too:
client = mii.client("mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1")
response = client.generate("Deepspeed is", max_new_tokens=128)
When we no longer need a persistent deployment, we can shutdown the server from any client:
client.terminate_server()
Taking advantage of multi-GPU systems for better latency and throughput is also easy with the persistent deployments. Model parallelism is controlled by the tensor_parallel
input to mii.serve
:
client = mii.serve("mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1", tensor_parallel=2)
The resulting deployment will split the model across 2 GPUs to deliver faster inference and higher throughput than a single GPU.
We can also take advantage of multi-GPU (and multi-node) systems by setting up multiple model replicas and taking advantage of the load-balancing that DeepSpeed-MII provides:
client = mii.serve("mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1", replica_num=2)
The resulting deployment will load 2 model replicas (one per GPU) and load-balance incoming requests between the 2 model instances.
Model parallelism and replicas can also be combined to take advantage of systems with many more GPUs. In the example below, we run 2 model replicas, each split across 2 GPUs on a system with 4 GPUs:
client = mii.serve("mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1", tensor_parallel=2, replica_num=2)
The choice between model parallelism and model replicas for maximum performance will depend on the nature of the hardware, model, and workload. For example, with small models users may find that model replicas provide the lowest average latency for requests. Meanwhile, large models may achieve greater overall throughput when using only model parallelism.
MII makes it easy to setup and run model inference via RESTful APIs by setting enable_restful_api=True
when creating a persistent MII deployment. The RESTful API can receive requests at http://{HOST}:{RESTFUL_API_PORT}/mii/{DEPLOYMENT_NAME}
. A full example is provided below:
client = mii.serve(
"mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1",
deployment_name="mistral-deployment",
enable_restful_api=True,
restful_api_port=28080,
)
๐ Note: While providing a deployment_name
is not necessary (MII will autogenerate one for you), it is good practice to provide a deployment_name
so that you can ensure you are interfacing with the correct RESTful API.
You can then send prompts to the RESTful gateway with any HTTP client, such as curl
:
curl --header "Content-Type: application/json" --request POST -d '{"prompts": ["DeepSpeed is", "Seattle is"], "max_length": 128}' http://localhost:28080/mii/mistral-deployment
or python
:
import json
import requests
url = f"http://localhost:28080/mii/mistral-deployment"
params = {"prompts": ["DeepSpeed is", "Seattle is"], "max_length": 128}
json_params = json.dumps(params)
output = requests.post(
url, data=json_params, headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"}
)
While only the model name or path is required to stand up a persistent deployment, we offer customization options to our users.
mii.serve()
Options:
model_name_or_path: str
(Required) Name or local path to a HuggingFace model.max_length: int
(Defaults to maximum sequence length in model config) Sets the default maximum token length for the prompt + response.deployment_name: str
(Defaults tof"{model_name_or_path}-mii-deployment"
) A unique identifying string for the persistent model. If provided, client objects should be retrieved withclient = mii.client(deployment_name)
.tensor_parallel: int
(Defaults to1
) Number of GPUs to split the model across.replica_num: int
(Defaults to1
) The number of model replicas to stand up.enable_restful_api: bool
(Defaults toFalse
) When enabled, a RESTful API gateway process is launched that can be queried athttp://{host}:{restful_api_port}/mii/{deployment_name}
. See the section on RESTful APIs for more details.restful_api_port: int
(Defaults to28080
) The port number used to interface with the RESTful API whenenable_restful_api
is set toTrue
.
mii.client()
Options:
model_or_deployment_name: str
Name of the model ordeployment_name
passed tomii.serve()
Users can also control the generation characteristics for individual prompts (i.e., when calling client.generate()
) with the following options:
max_length: int
Sets the per-prompt maximum token length for prompt + response.min_new_tokens: int
Sets the minimum number of tokens generated in the response.max_length
will take precedence over this setting.max_new_tokens: int
Sets the maximum number of tokens generated in the response.ignore_eos: bool
(Defaults toFalse
) Setting toTrue
prevents generation from ending when the EOS token is encountered.top_p: float
(Defaults to0.9
) When set below1.0
, filter tokens and keep only the most probable, where token probabilities sum to โฅtop_p
.top_k: int
(Defaults toNone
) WhenNone
, top-k filtering is disabled. When set, the number of highest probability tokens to keep.temperature: float
(Defaults toNone
) WhenNone
, temperature is disabled. When set, modulates token probabilities.do_sample: bool
(Defaults toTrue
) WhenTrue
, sample output logits. WhenFalse
, use greedy sampling.return_full_text: bool
(Defaults toFalse
) WhenTrue
, prepends the input prompt to the returned text
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